Traveling to Different Countries.

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Traveling to a different country is always interesting. It is a great learning experience because most countries are very different from each other. You can delight in tasting new foods, seeing new sights and meeting new people. I had an opportunity and pleasure to travel to a few different countries. Those countries were Russia, Canada and Mexico.

When I was in Russia, I visited Saint Petersburg. The most interesting place I saw there was The Hermitage Museum. It is one of the world biggest art and culture museums. There are over 50 halls in the Hermitage. The museum keeps thousands of paintings, sculptures, monuments of archeology and over one million coins and medals. I got to see paintings of such great masters as Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Raphael, Rembrandt, Poussain, Manet and Renoir. They are owned by the Hermitage museum. I heard historical biographies of these magnificent paintings and its painters.

Second country that I visited in my life was Canada. The most exciting thing there was Niagara Falls. I always heard that the Niagara Falls is the most beautiful natural wonder of the world, and I had the experience to see it. Also I had a chance to visit the well-known Minolta Tower. There we dined at the Pinnacle Restaurant and observed a breathtaking view of the Falls. People of Canada we met at Niagara Falls and later in the rest were very nice and friendly. They speak English there too, and it was easier to understand them. Their food was not very different then ours, so we felt right at home.

Two years later we visited Cancun, Mexico. It is one of the best vacation place on the Golf of Mexico. Cancun is blessed with incredible powdery white sand beaches and crystal clear water. Traveling only few hours from Cancun we visited the majestic city of Chichen Itza. It was a capitel of the ancient Maya. This mysterious city was an important ceremonial center. There we saw the mignificent pyramid of Kukulkan, the temple of thr warriors.Unlike Canada in Mexico it was hard to understand English because their native language is Spanish. Most of the people there are very poor. They live in old houses without any comforts. The food was very exotic giving us a taste of different spices.

Visiting these countries was the best experience of my life. I had the greatest time on my vacations. It gave me an opportunity to see beautiful places, meet with people, and try different kinds of food.

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Women in film

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Media Essay

Q. Some critics have argued that questions of media representation are essentially issues of power. Explain what is meant by this argument, illustrating your answer with a range of examples taken from film text in relation to the representation of women.

When posed with a question on the representation of women you have to first look at the most influential piece of text in the western hemisphere, the Bible and to its first chapter Genesis. Many people consider Eve to be the source of all evil in the world as she was the first creature on the planet to be disobedient and eat the forbidden fruit. It is claimed that ever since women have been portrayed as disobedient, untrustworthy, weak and prone to temptation. The idea that men are superior may very well be a direct result of this act however a growing number of people dismiss this idea completely.

Women have generally been seen to need help from men in times of danger and as such there are not many action films staring women and there are very few examples of women being on a par with or even being more powerful than men, until recently that is. More and more rapidly we see this new breed of action/adventure film where women take up the staring role and show that they are just as capable if not more capable than men at standing up for themselves and saving the day. These women are all powerful, resourceful and above all things beautiful. Men want them, women want to be them. These films play on Laura Mulvey's three types of scopophilia, fetishism, voyeurism and narcissistic identification and are designed to tune into the wants and desires of men and women. Men want to be dominated and they derive sexual pleasure from watching these women, women would love to be able to do all the things these heroines do and still be beautiful.

There are many examples of this kind of heroine, to name a few Charlie's angles, Storm from the X men and Trinity from the matrix but the best example of this would have to be Lara Croft. Lara Croft isn't just a character any more she is a brand icon has been called the icon of the 10's and a cyber Goddess. She started out in November 16 and the highly popular Tomb Raider computer game, popular because not only were you able to play a good action adventure game you were playing it was an attractive women who grunted and groaned when climbing walls and jumping over obstacles and men derived sexual pleasure from it. They enjoyed it so much that they have released four more tomb raider titles since and have released two motion pictures. Many people have drawn a comparison to Lara Croft and Indiana Jones (Steven Spielberg 181-18). This is a good example of power issues between men and women. Indiana Jones is one of the all time great action heroes and is male, Lara Croft showed in her film (Tomb Raider Simon West 001) that she is just as capable as him when it comes to collecting treasures and saving the world, so immediately we see that women can be just as good as men in action adventure film. However there is that fact that although women are the main protagonists in these films the films are written and directed by men. Because most Hollywood directors are men male ideoligies about what women should look like or act like are what the public see. These films are therefore generally created for men by men.

Charlie's angels (MGC 000) is another good example of these power issues because here we see three women who have detective work and teamwork down to a science. In the course of Charlie's angels and Charlie's angles full throttle (MGC 00) we see that these women are not only world-class detectives but they are also world-class martial artists (many of the people they defeat in hand to hand combat are men) but they are also amongst other things world-class dirt bike riders and world class jet skiers. Each of them holds all of the skills that any male spy such as Ethan Hunt or James Bond would have. But although they are the main protagonists in their films they still have help from Bosley who is a man and they also take their orders from a man (Charlie). On some occasions however the angels have had to save Bosley from danger and it is apparent that he is somewhat less intelligent than the angels. In the films they have also been seen to use their sexuality to get what they want from men or to cause a distraction for one of their teammates. These films appeal to everyone in a sense and they take narcissistic identification and fetishism to a new level. Because unlike in Tomb Raider there are heroines all of whom are quite different from one another so different people would like different angles for different reasons whether it be the appearance of the character of the attitude of the character. We also see in the course of the film that the girls dress up in a variety of costumes from Swedish maids to surfer girls to bikers in leathers and even in Lucy Lius case as strict buy sexy boss type characters adding to the fetishistic nature of the film. This film also try's to show that these women are not only as physically adequate as men but they are also as intellectually gifted. As well as the fact that Drew Barrymore is the executive producer for the film this film is very empowering for women on and off the camera.

In the Matrix (Wachowski Brothers 1) Trinity is also a good example of women being empowered because she shows on numerous occasions she can kill a man. She also displays authority over her comrades and until the very end of the first film she is seen as cold and emotionless. This plays on fetishism again as trinity is dressed in black PVC and leather and through dress iconography and mise-en-scene easily fits the role of the dominatrix.

In the film Erin Brockovich (Steven Sodoberg 000) Julia Roberts plays a mother of three who try's to get a job without ignoring her maternal responsibilities. In the film we see that she try's to help the people of a small town get fair compensation from a local water company who are responsible for illness throughout the town. Her character is therefore supposedly of high moral fibre however we do see that on occasion that she uses her sexuality to get what she wants from men. For example she uses her sexuality to convince a young water board attendant to give her information she should not be privy to. This would suggest that Erin believes that men are easy to win over and realises that she is Beautiful and does not consider it wrong to use it to her advantage. In the movie several of her female colleges who work with her at the law firm complain that her dress is inappropriate however she dresses this way to manipulate her boss. Erin plays a very strong character that always demands a reason for everything but she does show signs of vulnerability and requires the help of a man (next door neighbour George) to take care of her children. Erin takes her work so seriously that she misses key moments in her family life such as her young daughters first words. Indeed the whole situation seems a little far-fetched the character is an example of a woman being portrayed as knowledgeable in the art of male manipulation and therefore carries on the ideas in genesis that women are untrustworthy and would do whatever was necessary to get what they desire.

In the X-men film (Brian singer 000) another female action hero would have to be Storm. Strom is the most powerful member of the team controlling all the elements (rain, wind, snow, temperature) in battle. We see that she is one of the more mature members of the team and often is the mediator in squabbles between male members of the group in particular Wolverine and Cyclops.

"Emotions play a large role in Storm's character. When in battle, her emotions overtake her. When she is angered, she becomes extremely aggressive and uncompromising. This also emphasizes the masculine side of Storm. She is a determined character, and shows little warm feelings towards others. However, the new 000 movie version of the comic presents Storm in a different manner. She is not portrayed as the original character that she was created to be. Halle Berry, who plays the role of Storm in the movie, shows a more feminine side. The movie shows Storm as a weaker character than the television or comic series originally presented."

She is seen to be one of the leaders in the group and we often see that it is her who takes the younger mutants under her wing. This would suggest that although she is strong and a very masculine character her maternal and feminine side is not dead particularly in her dress sense as she adopts a very fetishistic leather blue cat suit. We see that although she is strong and has all power she still has the major weakness of being claustrophobic which greatly hinders her and she does seek male assistance in getting through her difficulties. However as I have mentioned there are cases in which she is needed to help the male characters so perhaps there needs to be both male and female characters in these films to maintain some kind of equilibrium.

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Life is silly

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Life is silly. I was born into a crazy world where my father, or the man I believed to be my father, was in fact a man who favoured the opposite sex and never once had sexual relations with my mother. Oh woe. Alas that was not the end of my troubles, but then my true father showed up and later proved to be a man of questionable morals and ethics, or at least of low intellect when it came to being able to communicate openly and learn to .... oh, for crying out loud. this is depressing.

Im fairly anti-social, and life just isnt helping. I hope to one day crack out of my shell and be... not shy. Yknow?

So really the rest of this essay will be filler, I guess. I dont really know why Im signing up for this free essay stuff. Its not like Im the kind of person to rip off an essay for class or anything. I certainly dont have the time to be reading any of them either. I spend most of my time playing video games or drawing cartoons. I like to draw cartoons. Theyre absolutely fun. I think its what takes my mind off things that trouble me.

... this is definatlely the epitome of my boredom. Foregive me in advance. whoops I misspelt forgive. Crazy.

Right now Im talking to a good friend of mine. She really nice. I think I may be attracted to her. Perhaps. Or perhaps its just warmth of friendship I feel. If I knew...

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Future Career and Sociology

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I begin before the beginning. A paper must be written and papers always need to be introduced before they really begin. The first few paragraphs exist only to set up the real beginning where all the ideas that must be conveyed exist. The introduction is like the bread that presents the sandwich. Without an introduction this paper would be too messy; the meat of the sandwich would get all over the place. As I look down at all my sociology notes taken throughout the year, I familiarize the topic to myself once again. My mind thinks out-loud I must write about my future career and the inevitable problems I will face; I must discover some of the unintentional consequences and relate them to what I have learned over the semester. As I ponder this topic, I soon realize that it may be more difficult than I expected. You see, I have no clue what type of sandwich I want; maybe a turkey and cheese, or a BLT, or maybe just a traditional. I'm in my second year at UH and have still not declared a major nor due I have any idea of an intended major, so how am I going to write a paper about my future career. I can barely look toward the future within college much less after college. I understand that no one really knows for sure what they will be doing in their future career. If they did end up perfectly in the career they had planned on submitting themselves to, I believe that they were too close-minded. They probably did not consider the twists and the problems that society gave them on their way.

The last sentence that I just wrote caused me to realize that maybe I'm missing the idea of the paper. This is not a research paper about my preferred career, and to be more direct, nor do I need to have any knowledge about any specific career. Instead of observing my aspirations and desires for my future, I must observe the possible dilemmas that will be faced. The main idea that I'm trying to express is that I need to be conscious of these dilemmas and prepare how I will come to a decision when faced. It doesn't matter what career is chosen because every career has its set of problems.

It may seem impractical to prepare decisions for dilemmas that I do not yet have knowledge of, and although this is true, it is, if not practical, at least reasonable to prepare my mind. By applying the theories learned throughout the semester I can make ethical decisions when faced with unintended consequences or simply steer clear from them to begin with.

How do I determine what types of problems I will need to deal with? Our society is littered with social problems. I believe it is safe to assume that every social problem our society deals with as a whole will exist, or at least represent, the dilemmas that we face in our careers. In the experience of my career, I will coexist with many others to form the society within my career. Some problems within my career's society will be well known and seem commonplace, and almost habitual, to deal with. The reason this is bad is because these kind of problems have become habitual to deal with. Instead of making thought-out decisions about the problem, ignorance and precedent make the decision for us, leaving the "decision" maker with no second thoughts about it. Well-known problems that are treated like this will loose their importance and soon create indifference. Other problems within the society of our careers may be more subtle and, not only harder to notice, but harder to confront. This is difficult because the consequences created by the problem are difficult to fix and usually become accepted as part of how the society works. An idea of fatalistic resignation is formed and the victims of the problem consider it just an unlucky misfortune. This is very ignorant since the way society works runs parallel to how we, as individuals, act. Then again, this ignorance can be traced back to the paradox of society in man and man in society.

Most, if not all, of the world's social problems exist in our careers race, gender, poverty, education, drug abuse, crime, etc.. The issue of race can be seen as a problem in a number of different views. Racism is one type of problem the existence of race can give to our careers. An individual's opinion about a certain race cannot be changed, only influenced. Actions that the individual makes while interacting others can only be monitored by force of law and not even effectively without infringing on that individual's freedom. Therefore, those who are biased toward certain races create a problem in our careers that leads to unfairness. Another view that race can be presented is the issue of a "pride of race". A "pride of race" causes pressure on the individuals of that certain race to live up to its values and expectations. In our careers, an individual may be acting how their race expects them to act rather than making decisions based on their own judgement. The problem can even deepen when those individuals believe that they are using their own judgement and the "pride of race" has enslaved them into the person they have become. The issue of sex runs practically parallel to the issue of race. An individual's greed, although not considered a social problem per say, will cause many people to face dilemmas in their careers; dilemmas that cannot be decided by law, but must be ethically decided by the accused.

Obviously there are many problems that develop in our careers and not even a paper could get through all of them. Problems occur in so many different ways for many different reasons and others can even be difficult to acknowledge. Now that the existence of problems has been established, I must press on.

Problems are expected. It is obvious that the society within your career will have problems. We are people and we have not yet created the perfect system that can run smoothly without flaws. Problems create consequences. As an individual, I must use caution when faced with either a problem or the consequence it has caused. As an example lets say that I'm employed in a career that has been stereotyped as a male profession. One of my co-workers happens to be a woman. I know this women only professionally and have worked with her for a year and a half. She does her job well, maybe even better than I do (as a male). I respect her for her commitment to the company. You can probably see where I'm going with this example. Lets say that my boss is a male and that I have worked under him since I've been with the company. I go out to eat with him weekly and even occasionally play golf with him on weekends. I can tell by his comments and actions that he strongly agrees with the stereotype of his company that it's not traditionally a female position. One day he offers me a higher position and a raise if I would terminate her employment and take over some of her work.

Now there are a few issues in this example that needs to be noted. The first, and most obvious, is the issue of sex. Obviously this woman has done nothing to deserve what my boss wants. I well know that my boss just want to get rid of her because she is female, and maybe because it would cost the company less. Another issue is the idea of greed. A career serves an individual the opportunity to move up on the economic ladder. Greed can take over a person and override their normal values. What they have always considered unethical suddenly does not apply. Surely many people get laid off so no one would notice, and once I've terminated her, I won't ever see her again. Once greed takes over, this situation seems trivial. What must be remembered is that she is a person just like I am. It's not trivial; it's wrong, and problems like this happen all the time. Situations like this example is why all social problems continue to exist, especially in our careers. Even though most problems are much more complex and the issue cannot be this easily identified, the same, most of the time more, ideas apply.

Most of the time there is no clear-cut line between what is ethically right and wrong. Our careers may face us with dilemmas that place everyone as a victim and the only way out of the dilemma is to lay the entire burden of the problem onto one individual. Make just one person suffer and the rest survive instead of having everybody slowly suffer from the problem. This highly debatable situation is known as "life boat" ethics. When a decision cannot be made, a Procrustean view may take its place. This is where the individuals of the society are molded and reformed to fit in with the problems.

So far I have bubble-wrapped the instincts of humans. How horrible can people be to each other and what is their reasoning for their actions? In my future career I will come across many "goal-oriented" people. They may be stopping at nothing and no one to reach it. Although, it may not necessarily be to reach a goal. The means to get to it may be what gives them pleasure and the goal serves more of an excuse for their actions. This creates many problems. It first off directly affects those who are victims of this person's ruthlessness. Also, this person enjoys the process of reaching their goal but once they have arrived, he or she does not enjoy or even desire to serve the goal's purpose. This results in the goal being worthless and no one ends up benefitting.

Now as a young college student I have high ambitions that are quite innocent from the career world we will soon face. College students all over the campus have dreams of becoming great lawyers or owning their own business or becoming a great sociologist. We want to do what we want and to do it well. We want to take pride in our careers. It is most important for us to hold on to our pre-career ambitions before they had a chance to be corrupted by the many problems that exist. Many people get sucked into the consequences of the career world and loose their old ideas. Yes maybe they are employed at a better position, and yes maybe they have three houses and a Ferrari, or maybe not. If we can't prepare ourselves for the problems and if we can't free our minds from the control placed on us we will end up working in "bad faith". Our careers will no longer be our ambitions but instead be an obligation.

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Integrated logistics

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Patient Marc LabradorWard Bed 10

Age/Sex 5 days/MaleDate of Admission Nov. , 001

Informant aunt/mother (reliability 80%)

CLINICAL HISTORY

By Intern Sonny Cyrus Bata

General Data

M.L., 5-day-old male, from Muntinlupa City, admitted on November , 001 for yellowish discoloration of the skin.

History of Present Illness

The Pt was born full term, via spontaneous vaginal delivery to a -year-old GP (00) at home c/o a midwife. Weight=8. lbs. No significant maternal illnesses/infection during present pregnancy, no maternal drug intake during the pregnancy, (+) regular prenatal check-ups, and no perinatal complications. Minimal blood loss during the delivery. (-) cephalhematoma, (?) Vitamin K, (+) good cry, good activity, no cyanosis, good suck at birth. (+) UO, BM

Pt was apparently well until 1 day PTA, there was note of icteric sclerae and jaundice of the whole body. (-) fever, (-) seizures, (-) feeding problems. Pt was noted to be awake with good suck and activity.

1 hours PTA, note of upward rolling of eyeballs associated with stiffening of the extremities which lasted for less than a minute, (+) poor suck, (-) loss of consciousness, (-) cyanosis, (-) drooling, (-) dyspnea, no fever at this time, (-) vomiting.

hours PTA, Pt was noted to be febrile (temp .40C), with persistence of jaundice. He was given Paracetamol drops with lysis of the fever. Pt was immediately brought to RITM where assessment was sepsis neonatorum, to consider kernicterus probably 0 to ABO incompatibility. Pt was then referred to PGH for further evaluation.

Review of Systems

(-) diarrhea(-) bleeding(-) oliguria

(-) umbilical stump discharge(-) dyspnea(-) acholic stools

(-) vomiting(+) dark green stools(-) pallor

(-) skin rashes(-) umbilical stump discharge

(-) pruritus(-) dark-colored urine(-) easy bruisability

(-) edema(-) drug intake-sulfonamides

Past Medical History as above

Family Medical History

(-) DM

(+) bronchial asthma - grandfather

(+) jaundice - maternal cousin, double exchange transfusion done.

(-) hepatitis, infectious diseases, blood dyscrasia

Immunizations none yet

Nutritional History breastfed since birth

Personal and Social History youngest of three siblings. -year-old mother (housewife), year old father (unemployed), financial support from relatives.

Physical Examination

¢At the ER, Pt was received asleep but arousable, jaundiced, in extended position

¢HR 140, RR 40, Temp 7.00C

¢HC cm, CC cm, AC 8cm

¢Length 48cm, weight .kg (P5)

¢Pink conjunctivae, icteric sclerae, soft and flat anterior and posterior fontanelles. (-) cervical lymphadenopathy, yellowish oral cavity

¢Symmetric chest expansion, clear breath sounds, no retractions, no alar flaring, no wheezes and crackles

¢No heaves and lifts, distinct heart sounds, normal rate and regular rhythm, no murmurs appreciated

¢Flat abdomen, normoactive bowel sounds, soft, liver edge 1cm below right subcostal margin, no masses and tenderness, (+) reddish, swollen umbilical stump with foul-smelling discharge

¢Full pulses, pink nailbeds, no edema and cyanosis, (+) jaundice all over, no petecchiae

¢Grossly male external genitalia, descended testes

¢Neuro exam asleep, arousable, mm EBRTL, no preferential movement, no spasticity, supple neck, DTRs +++, (-) extensor toe sign, spontaneous movement of all extremities

Assessment at the ER

Hyperbilirubinemia probably secondary to

1.ABO incompatibility

.sepsis neonatorum

Management at the ER

Therapeutics

Pt was started on Penicillin G 00,000 units/kg/day, Amikacin 15mkd, Phenobarbital 5mkd, Tetanus toxoid IM, Vitamin K mg IV OD

Phototherapy

Diazepam 0. mkdose, 0.8mg IV for frank seizures

Diagnostics done

CBCHgb 148, Hct 0.45, Plt 40, WBC .60 (Neut 58, Lymph 4, B/E/M not indicated), RBC 5.15 (no PBS requested)

Blood chemTB 855.0 (0-17.1), DB 17.06 (0-5), IB 88.8 (.4-1.70)

BUN .6, Crea (dec)

Ca .4, Na 147, K 4., Cl 10

Alb 18 (dec), glob , Alk phos 104, AST 74 (inc), ALT (dec)

Blood typeMother O+, Baby B+

ABG7., 8, 105, 18, -8, 7%

(acidosis increases risk of kernicterus)

ProtimeActivity 0.0, INR .6

Stool examBrown, soft, no RBCs, no parasites, 10-0 WBCs

U/ADark yellow, hazy, 1.010, 7.0, + sugar, +1 alb, 0- RBCs, 10-15 RBCs

Other labs done Coombs test, baby gram APL, blood CS

Additional labs Serology (mother)

Reticulocyte count, PBS

ESR

T4/TSH

G6PD screen, galactosemia screening

TORCH, Hepa profile

Criteria that rule out physiologic jaundice

1.Jaundice in the first 4-6 hours of life.

.TB increasing by more than 5mg/dL (85umol/L) per day.

.TB exceeding 1. mg/dL in a FT infant or 15 mg/dL in a PT infant.

4.DB exceeding 1.5- mg/dL or 15% of TB

5.Clinical jaundice persisting for more than a week in a FT infant or weeks in a PT infant

Etiologies of jaundice 0 to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Overproduction of Bilirubin

1.Increased rate of hemolysis

a.(+) Coombs test

-Rh incompatibility

-ABO incompatibility

-other minor blood groups

b.(-) Coombs test

-abnormal RBC morphology

-RBC enzyme abnormalities

c.Sepsis

.Nonhemolytic causes of increased bilirubin load (elevated IB, normal retic count)

a.Extravascular hemorrhage

b.Polycythemia

c.Exaggerated enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin (delayed stooling, bowel obstruction)

d.Inadequate caloric intake

e.Neonatal asphyxia

Decreased rate of conjugation

1.Physiologic jaundice

.Crigler-Najjar syndrome

.Gilberts syndrome

Prolonged hyperbilirubinemia Hypothyroidism, Down syndrome, Cyanotic heart disease

Increased direct bilirubin

1.Sepsis

.Intrauterine infection (Toxoplasmosis, CMV, Rubella, Herpes, syphilis)

.Severe hemolytic disease

4.Biliary atresia

5.Giant cell hepatitis

6.Choledochal cyst

7.Cystic fibrosis

8.Galactosemia

.Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

10.Tyrosinemia

ABO incompatibility

Isoimmune hemolytic anemia may result when ABO incompatibility occurs between mother and the newborn infant.

Common with blood type A or B infants born to type O mothers

Hemolysis begins in utero and is the result of active placental transport of maternal isoantibody (7S-IgG in type O)

In type A or B mothers, the 1S-IgM antibody is present which cannot cross the placenta

Mild hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis, microspherocytosis, early-onset unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Risk is present in 1-15% of pregnancies, evidences of fetal sensitization (+ Coombs test) present in -4% only. Symptomatic ABO hemolytic disease occurs in 1%

S/S jaundice, anemia

Kernicterus

¢yellowish discoloration of the basal ganglia due to unconjugated bilirubin

¢bilirubin encephalopathy (opisthotonus, seizure, lethargy, high pitched cry)

¢mortality of 50%, survivors develop choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, sensorineural hearing loss, paralysis of upward gaze

Management

Phototherapy

- UV radiation converts unconjugated bilirubin in the skin into a stereoisomer compound which is water-soluble and can be excreted in the bile.

- may also use bili blankets

- may increase dose by increasing the BSA exposed to light and by moving the lights closer to the infant

- complications includediarrhea, dehydration, skin rash, tanning, bronze baby syndrome, lactose intolerance, skin burns

Guidelines for use of phototherapy in term infants without hemolysisGuidelines for treatment of the term infant with ABO incompatibility

Bili 15mg/dL, age days eval, PT

Bili 18mg/dL, age - days eval, PT

Bili 0-mg/dL, age -4 eval, PT, stop feeding with formula milk

Bili 5mg/dL as above + exchange transfusionPhototherapy if

10mg/dL at 1 hrs

1-14mg/dL at 18 hrs

15mg/dL at 4 hrs

Exchange transfusion

- double-exchange transfusion is necessary in cases of Rh isoimmunization, ABO incompatibility, hereditary spherocytosis.

- serves to decrease bilirubin level acutely by 50%, remove 80% of the sensitized or abnormal RBC and any offending Ab.

- invasive procedure

- 160-00 mL/kg BW or 85cc/kg X

- complications include infection, thromboembolic phenomenon, umbilical and portal vein perforation, acute NEC, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, graft vs host

- mortality in 0.1-0.5%

Induction of UDPGT activity

- Phenobarbital acts on the conjugating enzyme and affects the microsomal hepatocyte activity

Inhibition of heme oxygenase activity

- metalloporphyrins are capable of inhibiting heme oxygenase, thereby blocking the enzymatic process for the formation of bilirubin from heme. Examples are tin protoporphyrin and tin mesoporphyrin

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Diversity Issues in Today's Workplace

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Diversity Issues in Today's Workplace

Today's workplaces have numerous diversity issues that they deal with daily, in order to avoid social barriers, diversities have to be addressed and mediated carefully. The workforce of today is now much more diverse in terms of cultural background, values, language skills, and educational preparation. Individual differences are inextricably intertwined with the environment (work, society, church, etc). Human behavior is too complex to be explained by one sweeping generalization. Different variables determine individual behavior, variables that include abilities and skills, background, and demographic variables. As society places more emphasis on equal opportunity and treatment, many differences are likely to disappear.

Mention the topic of diversity in IT, and most people probably think of the ratio of men to women or the racial makeup of the workforce. Equally important as those issues are the struggle that many companies are having with age diversity. Generational differences can become a big distraction and hurt morale and teamwork, unless IT managers learn how to accommodate the uniqueness of each group. Most often, I see companies trying to construct a workplace based on a single generations expectations of benefits and conditions, and the result is that they alienate at least half of their staffers. Obviously, sweeping generalizations about any generation are dangerous. But, so too is the practice of treating workers in all age groups the same. Companies that are successfully recruiting young talent find that these upstarts have different attitudes, values and points of view. When enterprises try to mix these individuals with workers from different generations, the result is often more like a collision than a meeting of the minds. Most enterprises are an amalgam of the following

a. The Older Generation Born before 146, this is the World War II generation of individuals who rebuilt the global economy with a firm belief in command-and-control leaders and a conviction that success was achieved via a slow, steady climb up the corporate ladder.

b. The Baby Boomers These individuals are mixed regarding work attitudes. Some resist the impact of technology, globalization and downsizing, although most adapt to the new requirements regarding flexibility and entrepreneurial thinking. Baby boomers, born between 146 and 164, generally value inclusion and emphasize process. They have paid their dues and waited their turn for advancement.

c. Generations X and Y Born after 164, these technically savvy individuals view themselves as free agents. They are loyal to themselves and obsessed with skills development. Money is important, but they are comfortable taking financial risks. As children of the post-television era, many are more moved by the visual image than the written word. Fiercely independent, Generation X and Y workers like to be in control and require fast feedback.

With their diverse values and points of view, it isnt surprising that these groups dont always agree on how work should be done. Older generations may seem inflexible to their young counterparts, and the younger members of the staff may seem to lack respect for authority. Frequently, I detect these differences in the complaints of managers who claim that younger workers have unrealistic promotion expectations and are unwilling to stick with something long enough to learn it well. Baby boomer managers are often frustrated by their young subordinates because they are trying to apply the same motivating factors that worked on them, and Generation X and Y workers are uninterested. At the same time, its not uncommon to see relatively inexperienced IT professionals commanding large salary premiums because they have hot skills, often earning more than individuals with more years of experience. Such cases are often viewed as inequitable by those of the baby boomer generation, who place a high premium on paying their dues.

Age diversity is a reality that isnt going away. While baby boomers outnumber Generation X and Y individuals in the workplace today, the population will obviously shift during the next ten to fifteen years. In the meantime, companies must recognize that the workplace cant be driven by the needs and expectations of any one generation. Rather, it must be driven by business realities. Speed, flexibility and innovation are the bellwethers of success today. By creating an organization thats nimble and knowledge-driven, all workers can thrive. There will still be differences between the generations, but the key is to get all workers focused on the goal - rather than their different approaches to meeting that goal. The goal will prove to be the common ground in an age-diverse workforce. For example, the career path for a baby boomer worker and a Generation X worker may be identical, but a manager will have to employ a different coaching process to the individuals. The baby boomer worker is more likely to see the point behind each step along the career path, but the younger worker may be looking for more short-term gratification for a job well done. The manager can satisfy both constituents by being flexible and balancing clearly delegated assignments by giving the workers the freedom and flexibility to produce results in their own way. Finally, an IT managers ability to manage age diversity will be enhanced tenfold if they are willing to spend time getting to know the individuals, and if they consistently provide constructive feedback and kudos for a job well done. Managers who use a one-size-fits-all approach to managing age-diverse workforces will wind up turning off a large portion of their staff. Rather than create a workplace based on the expectations of one generation, managers should strive to get all workers focused on their goals and be flexible enough to let people meet those goals as they see fit.

Today, students question if the high cost of tuition in the long run is worth the investment over entering the workforce as a full time employee. Many low income families at risk might decline investing in higher education, because they have a hard time just making ends meet without thinking of college expenses. I feel college education is something to be valued. College may be expensive, but the price of ignorance is even more costly. Getting a college education takes a lot of time, motivation and commitment, but will pay off for a lifetime. It will make you become a better person.

"Show me the money!" College graduates on the average earn more than high school graduates. According to the Census Bureau, over an adult's working life, high school graduates earn about $1. million, associate's degree graduate earns about $1.6 million and a bachelor's degree graduate earns about $.1 million. By achieving a college degree an individual gets a better job within the rapidly changing world we live in today. College graduates have better job opportunities, are more productive and earn more money than a non-degree individual. According to figures from the U.S Census Bureau show that in 1, average income for a 5 year old male with a bachelor's degree was about $61,000, compared to about $,000 for a male with no college degree. Today 80 percent of students enroll in either a public two year or four year college. The average a full time student pays at a public two year college is about $1,5 per year in tuition and $8,655 at a four year college as a full time student, according to the U.S. Department of Education 00 report.

Compared to high school graduates, college graduates live a better quality of life. Graduates have better access to health care, greater participation in mental activities and are less dependent on government assistance. Society benefits from college-educated individual because their more likely to be employed, they vote and volunteer work for greater community service.

Once you have achieved your degree, it's time to make a change in the world around you. A college education is not all about having money and power, because they won't save your soul. According to Elchanan Cohn and Terry Geske (1), there is the tendency for more highly educated women to spend more time with their children; these women use this time to better prepare their children for the future. Cohn and Geske (1) report that "college graduates appear to have a more optimistic view of their past and future personal progress." Look at what education has done for the United States, we have stimulated from the backwards land of disobedient colonist to the greatest, spiritual and most successful nation in the world. Education is our nation's best defense.

Research has shown that higher education is associated with the substantial earnings in the job market and higher education will become very important for landing high paying jobs in the next century. Although, an investment in a college education may be a financial burden to you right now, the long term benefits will continue to appreciate and grow. A college education investment will give you a higher education, prosperity, quality of life, change and passing on the American dream.

Gender has been a consistent factor when dealing with diversity issues. Title VII, intended to fix discrimination on the basis of sex, and was passed as an amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 164. It serves as an unfortunate insight for how the law would unfold.

There is constant discrimination against women by employers and colleagues, but there is even more discrimination against working and single mothers. The treatment of working mothers in the media mirrors this culture's confusion about women's roles, and echoes society's inability to offer new solutions to career and family predicaments. Women's gender does not render them any less able than men to excel in their chosen profession. They can do their jobs as well as any man. So why, when both men and women make identical decisions concerning work and family, only the women are criticized. Society's customary expectations put no pressure on men to idol as both parent and professional. Why is that? Many women are penalized for their choice to have children, no matter how well they are performing on the job.

Children and careers are not a perfect fit, especially for employers. There are basically two set of rules there is the written rule that technically describes the conditions of employment and there is the unwritten standards of behavior that must be followed in order to become part of the team. As long as women plays by the rules of the game, the doors of career will remain open, but the second they decide to change to a different agenda for combining career with family or even talks of having a family, doors begins to swing shut one by one. There is little real support for parenting issues in the workplace, especially huge organizations.

Single mothers are considered an even bigger risk too many bosses. Without the major support of a significant other they face more obstacles than that of a woman with a spouse or that of a professional working woman. Mark Rednick, president of MRI Sales Consultants in Dallas agrees,

LeClaire (00) said that, "There is plenty of hiring discrimination against single mothers. The hiring person may never voice it or think it, but subconsciously they feel they will have more trouble with a single mother than with other employees."

There is no such term as single working father in society's terminology. Single mothers have a difficult time finding stable employment. They are often paid less and have less opportunity for advancement. A former trial attorney for the U.S. Department of Justice, Lauren Kahn says, that her role as a single parent has brought harsh and discouraging economic realities. "I'm having a terrible time getting a job."(Swiss and Walker, p. 164)

Organizational psychologist and chief executive of The Impact group, Ken Siegel says single working mothers tend to hit the glass ceiling because management perceives them to have limits to how much they can take on. Working mothers should not be forced to have to choose between their careers and their children. Childcare, childhood illnesses, doctor's appointments, and PTA meetings are all of the things that employers use against working mothers when promotions are being considered. There is little sympathy for sick children in the workplace.

There is no fair way to extinguish trade-offs between careers and children. But there are ways to help minimize the possible for conflict between the two, with better results for both the employer and employee. Here a few examples of what some corporations can do to reduce the conflicts

a.Create flextime at all levels of an organization core business hours established for all employees.

b.Compressed workweeks.

c.Parental leave.

d.Telecommuting and working from the home.

e.Lunchtime seminars to share and address concerns of working parents.

f.Regular family-friendly audits to gauge an organization's success in promoting and retaining women, and track the extent to which women and men use parental benefits.

Companies that want to manage their risk prudently must act before a problem occurs. First, companies need a comprehensive, detailed written policy on sexual harassment. The CEO should issue the policy and make it a high priority of the company. Second, they need to distribute this policy to all workers, supervisors, and even some non-employees. A basic policy should set forth the following

a.Express commitment to eradicate and prevent sexual harassment.

b.A definition of sexual harassment including both quid pro quo and hostile work environment.

c.An explanation of penalties (including termination) the employer will impose for substantiated sexual harassment conduct.

d.A detailed outline of the grievance procedure employees should use.

e.Additional resource or contact persons available for consultation.

f.An express commitment to keep all sexual harassment complaints and personnel actions confidential.

To help employees grasp the nature of sexual harassment, companies may want to provide their workers with examples of behavior that they consider inappropriate. Once a company develops a sexual harassment policy, it should circulate it widely. Companies should provide copies not only to newly hired employees, but also to current ones. In addition, companies should post copies throughout office and break areas, issue periodic memos about the policy, and hold informal and formal departmental meetings to discuss the topic. In particular, companies need to train their supervisors to deal with sexual harassment. Even small businesses will find it useful to educate their workers through videos and seminars. Companies may also wish to seek help from an outside consultant.

Despite prudent measures, companies will always face the possibility, if not the probability, that sexual harassment will occur. Consequently, an effective grievance procedure should provide the complainant with alternative routes for reporting harassment. In setting up grievance procedures, a company may want to consider that women lodge the vast majority of sexual harassment complaints, and that the courts have found differences of perception to exist between men and women. As a result, an employer is better protected if a female employee is involved in assessing sexual harassment complaints. That way, female victims may be more willing to come forward, thus enhancing an employers ability to take prompt and effective remedial action. As with any grievance procedure, of course, a company must maintain confidentiality, both for the sake of the victim and the accused.

Even the most comprehensive sexual harassment policies and procedures are bound to fail if a company does not enforce them quickly, consistently, and aggressively. To be effective, companies must take sexual harassment seriously. They need to make certain that personnel responsible for enforcement conduct prompt, thorough, and documented investigations of all complaints, even those that appear trivial. Employers should also keep tabs on their supervisors. This can be accomplished by means of monthly meetings with higher management, unscheduled spot checks, or periodic sexual harassment training sessions. Depending on management style, some businesses may find it useful to survey subordinates about sexual harassment issues, as a way to gauge supervisors' attitudes about the problem. Finally, companies may want to screen annual data on hiring, firing, promotions, and compensation packages for any pattern of overt gender discrimination that may also be occurring. Once a company has received notice of sexual harassment, its liability may be reduced or eliminated depending on how promptly and effectively it responds. Prompt means precisely that under no circumstance should a company delay an investigation of sexual harassment more than a few days. Notably egregious sexual misconduct should be handled immediately. Whatever the situation, a company should take action that is reasonably calculated to end the harassment. Such action must be directed toward the harasser, and may include verbal warnings, written warnings, job transfers, suspension of employment, and if necessary, termination. A company should also be careful not to allow too much time to elapse before achieving a satisfactory resolution of the harassment. Once matters have been brought under control, a company should continue to monitor the situation to ensure compliance. Toward this end, follow-up interviews with all parties and witnesses are highly recommended. When claims of sexual harassment cannot be substantiated, an employer should still take the opportunity to reemphasize to employees that sexual harassment will not be tolerated.

Desiderato, L. L., Totten, W. J., Ley, D. R., & Meisenheimer, M. (00). Assessing student perspectives on the value of a college education. Academic Exchange Quarterly, (Vol.6, issue 4, p14 (8).

LeClair, J. (00). Single Parents Fight a Label Productivity Risk. Retrieved on Oct 1, 00 from http//www.csmonitor.com/00/00/P16S01-wmwo.html

Parish, J. (001). The Value of a College Education. Retrieved October 17, 00, from http//www.acu.edu/admissions/ugrad/yei/ed-value.html

Porter, K. (00). The Value of a College Degree. ERIC Digest. Retrieved October 17, 00, from http//www.ericfacility.net/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed47008.html

Oreen, S. (00). Workplace Discrimination. Retrieved October 0, 00, from www.oreenscott.com/workplace-age-discrimination.htm

Swiff, D. J., & Walker, J. P. (1). Women and the work family dilemma How

Todays Professional Women are Finding Solutions. New York John Wiley &

Sons.

Retrieved October 0, 00, from http//www.workplacemoxie.com/Taxes-and-UncleSam/taUS-Age-in-the-Work-Place.shtml

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The alteration of reality in Errol Morris' The Thin Blue Line

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In 188 Errol Morris released the Thin Blue Line, a provocative documentary that indirectly pushes the audience to question the relationship that exists between objectivity and justice in the face of an overtly bureaucratic and biased legal system. Morris orchestrates an overarching film that explores the innocence of one falsely convicted murder suspect, Randall Adams, without ever directly commenting on his guilt or innocence (remarkably the film avoids voice-over narration completely). The film takes bold and innovative steps in the territory of re-enactment and staging, venturing beyond the confines of traditional documentary into a story-cum-dreamscape. The result is a movie that was denied entry into the documentary category at the 188 Academy Awards, yet displayed a level of persuasiveness that eventually led to Randall Adams retrial and release from prison.

Although Errol Morris subterfuges a direct opinion about the case on screen, there is no doubt that he is representing Randall Adams side and a great deal of the movies power stems from the directors restraint to explicitly state the films judgement. It would be extraneous for Morris to openly authorize his objective; his film is carved, edited and manipulated into such a finely tuned argument, that the final conclusion stands strong, concise, and significantly fresh as is. The Thin Blue Line is a story that exposes the mistaken conviction of Randall Adams and substantially more; implied is the dissection and dissertation of the nature of objectivity in justice. The film is a medley of ambiguities, conflicting opinions, and surreal repetition that brings into question the subjectivity of truth. Morris is not only campaigning for Randall Adams, he is defending the role of justice that seems to exist within a faulty system of impartiality. The Thin Blue Line advocates Randalls innocence by going beyond the debatable facts of the case and into the poetics of persuasion. Morris does this with three abstract yet overall convincing techniques, which include the use of malleable re-enactment, an iconoclastic and unsettling manipulation of editing and sound, and thought provoking devices of the absurd.

The Thin Blue Line was originally set apart from its documentary predecessors because of the films use of dreamlike sequences that highlighted the ambiguity of memory. Interjected throughout the movie is the repeatedly staged murder scenario. However, each time the scene is played differences begin to emerge as each witness in the case supplies his or her own version of what happened the night of murder. In the spirit of Akira Kurasowas Roshomon, each character in the movie supplies different and often conflicting details that make any attempt at reconstruction essentially futile. The product comes off like a bad dream in which no matter how hard one strain for a solution, the outcome is always murder and mystery. The recurrence of the same scene contending for veridicality essentially nulls the audiences trust both in the witnesses telling the story and in Errol Morris who is directing the story.

In one of the films more poetic reenactments, Morris shoots a scene where the female police officer throws a pink colored milkshake out the window of the squad car in slow motion. Due to the intentionally prolonged shot of what seems to be a trivial part of the murder case, coupled with the strong visual presence that the pink fluid has against the black back drop, the scene resonates especially strong. Yet, almost directly ensuing the milkshake shot, Morris includes a drawn police diagram of the murder scene that clearly labels the milkshake the female officer had thrown was of a chocolate (not pink, which is presumably a berry flavor) variety. The incongruity of the flavor of a milkshake may appear to be inconsequential, but Morris is very intentional about such an inclusion. The film bombards the viewer with the ever-changing memory of the female officer, who cannot tell the difference between a Mercury Comet and Ford Vega. But Morris is careful to highlight that she is not the only character whose testimony cannot be trusted; one has to be suspicious even of the director. The reasoning for The Thin Blue Lines ambiguity is to highlight the subjectivity that is present in all documentaries. By calling attention to this inherent characteristic the viewer must assume a responsibility for his or her own conclusions about the movie and not just accept that of the filmmakers, which in the end makes the viewer hold a much stronger stance on the issue being presented.

Errol Morris has obviously taken painstaking exactitude in arranging and ordering his scenes, but he draws specific attention to the decorative aspects of editing and sound in order create a jarring and haunting atmosphere within his film. His use of abstract stills and a positively hallucinogenic original score by Phillip Glass renders an impending and drastic significance to the films subject. No matter how cold and concise the murder may appear, Morris does not want the documentary itself to be clinical in its observation of the crime.

The enlarged newspaper pictures of a wild-eyed Randall Adams that appear numerous times throughout the film capture a sense of the horrific. The pixilated images draw attention to the medium of newspaper replication, which attempts to highlight the notion of murder not as a crime but as a spectacle. The audience must question the fascination culture has with the iconoclastic celebration of murderers. Because Randall Adams is caught on camera with a feral intensity, distilled through the eyes of a newspaper, he is viewed as murderous without having been proven guilty of murder. The viewer must challenge these postmodern notions that have been socially instilled and search for the objective; The Thin Blue Line asserts this is a task that the judicial system is not capable of.

This sense of a Kafka-like conundrum is highlighted by the foreboding music of Phillip Glass, which runs for almost the entire length of the movie. The premonitory atmosphere Glasss music creates could be described as a post-apocalyptic sound, a distinctively minimalist compositional style, consisting of hypnotically repetitious circular rhythms. There is urgency in Morris use of image and sound that compels the viewer to dispute the self-evident facts that are presented in media and particularly in the judicial system as a whole. The minimal yet dramatic music overlaid with the non-contextual images of Randall Adams consistently attempts to suggest that even though a direct solution is not available, the viewer needs to be at least aware of the grave injustice that is being done to Randall Adams and to the cultures unquestioning sense of security in law.

In the techniques that Morris uses there begins to develop a pattern where he draws his audience to question and make assumptions about Randall Adams through consistently making them reposition themselves in the film. He does this quite perceptively with the use of interspersed scenes of what can be termed as the absurd. By drawing out interviews into illogical digressions and splicing them with old stock footage of black & white cinema, Morris is methodically drawing the viewer away from the crime only to lead the viewer back in order to highlight the importance that this is in fact a movie about murder.

The scene in which Emily Miller, who herself is quite an eccentric character, describes her fascination with the Boston Blackie mysteries and how they trained her to have a keen eye for the suspicious is rather bizarre. Juxtaposed with the solemnity that the police and lawyer interviews had, Millers comments are based in fantasy and they are not a part of a logical assessment of the crime committed. Augmented with the fact that Morris cuts in frantic clips of the Boston Blackie show itself (impeccably companioned with the surreal music of Glass), there is a distinct displacement in the films tone and course of events. This serves the purpose of continually making the viewer readjust back to the films main subject, which intrinsically also demands a reassessment on the presented murder case; similar to remembering one's place in a book after a brief interruption.

Another example of anomalous scene selection is Morris extended shot of a drive-in movie theater (Beer-drinking movies according to Adams) showing the soft-core pornography film Swinging Cheerleaders. Morris did not simply show a shot of a drive-in or have Adams state the nature and name of the feature, he selects an almost two minute long passage from the movie (including a sex scene) being screened from the back of the theater. By showing a movie being watched within a movie he utilizing a reflexive device that reminds the viewer they themselves are watching and assessing The Thin Blue Line. These individual selections that seem to be irrelevant to the films topic serve as a synopsis of the absurdity of the film as a whole. In an almost existential platform, these tangential scenes represent the illogicality of a justice system that appears to be prosecuting Randall Adams in light of all the contradicting evidence that he did not commit the crime.

The Thin Blue Line is not a movie that espouses a heros plight to absolve himself from tyrannical persecution. This is not the story of an African American being arrested for the color of skin, or Jew being imprisoned for religious beliefs. It is the story of a character that the viewer is not expected to relate with; Randall Adams is a drifter and drug-user that questionably was in the wrong place at the wrong time. While Morris goes at length to show the impossibility of objectivity in a judicial system run by a mass of individuals all with different agendas, he is careful not to abandon the film in pure nihilism. The final scene, arguably the most disturbing, is a mechanical cold tape recorder playing David Harris confession to the murder. The only part in the movie to use subtitles, Harris remorselessly, in a distorted filtered voice, explains that the wrong man is in prison for murder. The use of written subtext and the image of a tape recorder (which suggests a type of rigidity, a statement that can not be altered) signify the fact that despite the entire subjective narrative the truth is out there. The viewer, who most likely presumed Adams innocence before the actual confession without the explicit confirmation of Morris, is in the end rewarded with a concrete conclusion about the murder case.

By untraditionally eschewing narration and applying rhetorical, if not abstract, techniques usually reserved for fiction films, The Thin Blue Line powerfully represented Randall Adams innocence and exposed the flaws in the present judicial system. However, there is not a sense of vindication at the end of the film, David Harris is on death row for an entirely different murder and Adams is still in prison (ignoring the fact that he was later released, which for the direct implications of this film is irrelevant). Morris does not present solutions, but hints at the greater nature of the problem. There appears to be an underlying fallibility in mans ability to exact justice. What Morris is suspicious of, David Harris chillingly describes in his confession, If it werent for bad luck, [Randall Adams] wouldnt have any. The Thin Blue Line flitters with the notion that in the absence (and perhaps impossibility) of an impartial judicial system, perchance it is fate that determines ones lot.

Please note that this sample paper on The alteration of reality in Errol Morris' The Thin Blue Line is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The alteration of reality in Errol Morris' The Thin Blue Line, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on The alteration of reality in Errol Morris' The Thin Blue Line will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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