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Lipid Signaling is one form of cell communication that goes on in a cell. Without this feature the cell would not be able to survive for much of its time. Now the technology and advancement in Biology has determined that the existence of phospholipids is within the nucleus and not in the nuclear membrane. The nucleus is a double membrane made of phospholipids and protein, but the intranuclear space itself contains lipids. This article describes the setup, experiment, and conclusion that prove the existence of lipids in the nucleus.
Another nuclear lipid that was included in this article was the phosphorylated inositol lipid. The first sign of inositides in the nucleus different from those in the plasma membrane came from experiments showing that in rat liver nuclei incubated with ATP. They removed the nuclear envelope with a detergent which decreased the incorporation of phosphate, which and crude fractions of membranes prepared from nuclei showed some incorporation, which led the authors to the erroneous conclusion that the kinases involved were in the nuclear envelope. A similar incorporation into polyphosphoinositides was observed in the nuclei of human cells. The study also showed that the lipid kinases were inside the nucleus rather than in the nuclear envelope.
"Nuclear lipids and the radioactivity incorporated into them largely survive detergent extraction, which suggests that some or all of the enzymes and substrates cannot be in the nuclear envelope." This was explained through the experiment which included methods of titration, extraction, incubation, purification, phosphorylation, and stimulation. Other lipids were also found to be in the nucleus Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtan), sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). Although they know that lipids exist in the nucleus, they are not clear on how they enter the nucleus.
Another poorly understood issue is the physicochemical form of intranuclear lipids. They are obviously not a classic lipid bilayer, because they are resistant to detergents. The only likely alternative is that the intranuclear lipids are in some form of proteolipid complex similar to, for example, PtdIns (4, 5) P in association with the cytoskeleton. The resistance of PtdIns(4,5)P to detergent extraction implies a strong interaction with proteins, and some possible partners for PtdIns(4,5)P include the laminar layer, a nuclear skeleton, a component of an intranuclear cytoskeleton, structures associated with spliceosomes, or invaginations of the laminar layer into the nucleus similar to those that have been suggested for the nuclear envelope.
The experiment performed was contradictory to the idea that the existence of phospholipids was within the nuclear membrane. The experiment proved that lipids existed in the nucleus and with those finding scientists can improve medications that influence, speed up, or slow down nuclear lipid signaling to the benefit of patients in medical attention. The article explained every aspect of the experiment with full detail, and sometimes with too much detail. It was useful information that could be summarized to attract a wider range of readers. I would not recommend this article to any peer because it will just bore them. The terms in this article are not meant to entertain any intermediate biology student. I believe that it will just confuse a struggling student even more. With all due respect, this article was written in high quality, but too high for myself.
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