Thursday, July 30, 2020

Unfair Working Conditions Brewing Trouble in Guatemala

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An American consumer goes to Dunkin Donuts, orders a cup of coffee to start up his day, pays about $, and leaves. No big deal, right? Wrong. If this American consumer were asked where his or her coffee came from the consumer would most likely have no idea. Not only would the consumer have no idea, he or she probably have never thought about it before. The truth is that four multinational companies, all making extremely large profits, dominate the coffee industry. However, the small farmers who sweat over the labor day after day are living under the nations poverty line under $ a day, which is barely enough to survive. Keeping this in mind, you will see that buying a typical morning cup of coffee involves every consumer in a difficult human rights situation.


The encyclical of Pope Leo XIII "Rerum Novarum" was a way that Christian churches played an active role in criticizing the exploitation of industrial workers from the evils that industrialization brought to the modern world. This official statement by the Catholic Church defended the rights and liberties of laborers and the poor within modern industrialized societies. One of these rights that "Rerum Novarum" issued was that "every person, from the moment of conception to natural death, has inherent dignity and a right to life consistent with that dignity." (Reflections, pp 1-) The right to work brings a person dignity. However, backbreaking work with less than minimal rewards does not confirm the dignity a person gets from work. Santiago, a coffee bean grower in Guatemala, eats the same meal every day consisting of coffee beans and tortillas and he and his family crowd into two rooms with no electricity, running water or toilet. He's lucky to live on $ a day. This principle of the respect for human life rightfully declares that everyone is worthy of a just living wage. According to the definition of salary levels, this wage would meet the needs of survival and allow a worker to set aside money for future purchases. It would also allow discretionary income for a worker to participate in the support of the development of small businesses in a local community, including the support of cultural and civic needs of the community. Santiago, and many other coffee growers like him, does not get wages that meet these needs. This is because the multinational corporations and middlemen known as "coyotes" seize the chance to price-gouge leaving the poor even poorer. Santiago, and many others like him, are left barely surviving as a result. The principle of human life also declares that "human life at every stage of development and decline is precious and therefore worthy of protection and respect." The security under the conditions described above was not protected leaving many coffee growers no choice but to flee. The fleeing of 00,000 coffee laborers that fled the Mexican countryside in hopes to achieve these basic securities left 14 dead from the exposure in the Arizona desert. This is truly an example of just how unprotected human life is on these plantations.


To further the importance of work and dignity, the Principle of Participation states "work is more than a way to make a living; it is a form of continuing participation in God's creation. If the dignity of work is to be protected, then the basic rights of workers must be respected the right to productive work, to decent and fair wages, to organize and join unions, to private property, and to economic initiative." As we have seen above, the rights productive work, fair wages, private property, and to economic initiative have not been met for the coffee growers. The right to organize and join unions is one more right that also has not been respected. "Workers at the Nueva Florencia plantation had been fighting for minimum wage for five years. They were fired when they formed a union to demand their wages. Blacklisted on neighboring farms, they had no choice but to remain on the plantation in the one room each family was allowed." (The Coffee Connection) These people are denied the right to organize and are therefore denied freedom, an intangible right as a human.


The question that remains is what is society to do? "In a society marred by deepening divisions between rich and poor, our tradition recalls the story of the last judgment and instructs us to put the needs of the poor and vulnerable first." (Reflections p 5) Consumers and employers in richer countries must work together towards the common good, which is the good of society as a whole, to maintain the balance needed to keep society in one piece. It is the duty of industries to use their profits morally responsibly, and not to maximize their profits at the expense of their workers. The competition and oversupply of coffee beans has driven the price of coffee beans down; however, the new method of a fixed price would ensure that coffee bean growers would get a just price for their labor. Under this principle, the multinational industries should use their profits for the moral good, and should have no problem accepting the idea of a fixed price, especially since they receive an extremely large profit. The principle of subsidiarity can also be brought up. According to this principle, smaller, more local human associations should deal with social problems if possible. This asks for limited government interaction. Therefore, the consumer and industries can take it upon themselves to respect the human rights and dignity of all, and find a way to stop the exploitation of the coffee growers.


Modern trade, commerce, and industrialization have cultivated great technological development and have increased the wealth of many nations. We should use the power achieved by these accumulations to ensure that there is no exploitation of industrial workers from countries that may not benefit from globalization.


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