Thursday, January 21, 2021

Spain history

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nd Six WeeksEra I Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC (continued) ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS LOCATING EGYPT, INDUS RIVER VALLEY, CHINA, HEBREWS, PHOENICIANS, AND KUSH IN TIME AND PLACE {WHI.a} During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared in river valleys and around the Fertile Crescent. River valleys provided rich soil for crops, as well as protection from invasion. Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys? Where were the earliest civilizations located? When did these civilizations exist? SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC PATTERNS, INCLUDING SLAVERY (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI.b} River valleys were the Cradles of Civilization. Early civilizations made major contributions to social, political, and economic progress. What were the social, political, and economic characteristics of early civilizations? RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI.c} Religion was a major part of life in all early civilizations. What religious traditions developed in ancient civilizations? JUDAISM (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI.d} The monotheism of Abraham became the foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - religions that changed the world. The Hebrews were the first to become monotheists. What were essential beliefs of Judaism? How did Judaism influence Western civilization?DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND WRITING (Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush) {WHI.e} Language and writing were important cultural innovations. What forms of language and writing existed in early civilizations?Era II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions 1000 BC to 500 AD CIVILIZATIONS OF PERSIA, INDIA, AND CHINA PERSIA {WHI.4a} Built on earlier Central Asian and Mesopotamian civilizations, Persia developed the largest empire in the world. Persia and development of imperial bureaucracy How did Persia govern its empire?INDIA, ARYAN MIGRATIONS, CASTE SYSTEM {WHI.4b} Classical Indian civilization began in the Indus River Valley and spread to the Ganges River Valley, then through the Indian subcontinent. It continued with little interruption because of its geographic location. The Indo-Aryan people invaded the area, creating a rigidly structured society (caste system) blended with native beliefs. During the Golden Age of classical Indian culture, Indian people made significant contributions to world civilization. Why were physical geography and location important to the development of Indian civilization? What impact did the Aryans have on India? Why was the caste system central to Indian culture? What were the accomplishments of the Gupta dynasty? HINDUISM {WHI.4c} Hinduism was an important contribution of classical India. Hinduism influenced Indian society and culture and is still practiced in India today. What are the characteristics of the Hindu religion? How did Hinduism influence Indian society and culture?BUDDHISM {WHI.4d} Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in a part of India that is in present-day Nepal. Buddhism became a major faith when Asoka sent missionaries throughout Asia. What are the characteristics of Buddhism? How did Buddhism spread?IMPACT OF CONFUCIANISM, TAOISM, BUDDHISM {WHI.4f} Chinese culture began around 1500 BC. Of Chinese contributions to civilization, Confucianism and Taoism are among the most noted. Why were Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism important in the formation of Chinese culture? CHINA, DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPIRE AND GREAT WALL {WHI.4e} Classical China was centered on the Huan He (Yellow River) and was geographically isolated. Invaders entered China from the North. The Great Wall was built for Chinas protection. Why was the Great Wall of China built? What were the contributions of classical China to world civilization? JAPAN, SHINTO, AND BUDDHIST TRADITIONS AND INFLUENCE OF CHINESE CULTURE {WHI.10c} How has Japans geography influenced its development? How did Chinese culture influence Japan? Why were Shinto and Buddhism important to the development of Japanese culture?Era I Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC (continued) ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS CONTINUED (Skills same as first six weeks) LOCATING EGYPT, INDUS RIVER VALLEY, CHINA, HEBREWS, PHOENICIANS, AND KUSH IN TIME AND PLACE {WHI.a}SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC PATTERNS, INCLUDING SLAVERY{WHI.b} (Skills same as first six weeks) RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS {WHI.c} (Skills same as first six weeks) JUDAISM {WHI.d} (Skills same as first six weeks)DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND WRITING {WHI.e} (Skills same as first six weeks)Era II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions 1000 BC to 500 AD CIVILIZATIONS OF PERSIA, INDIA, AND CHINA PERSIA {WHI.4a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of Persia. {WHI.1c} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze Persians as rulers -Tolerance of conquered peoples -Development of imperial bureaucracy -Zoroastrianism as a religion -Road system. {WHI.1e} INDIA, ARYAN MIGRATIONS, CASTE SYSTEM {WHI.4b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features - physical barriers such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean made invasion more difficult, mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided invasion routes into the Indian subcontinent, and the Indus and Ganges were the most important rivers in the Indian subcontinent.{WHI.1c} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} HINDUISM {WHI.4c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze India and Hinduism. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of India. {WHI.1c} Analyze trends in cultural interaction and explain the characteristics of the Hindu religion Hinduism - -Caste system in religious law based on occupations -Belief in many forms of one major deity -Reincarnation Cycles of rebirth -Karma Future reincarnation based on present behavior -Vedas and Upanishads Sacred writings. {WHI.1e} BUDDHISM {WHI.4d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Buddhism.{WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze how the Asokas missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia.{WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of world history. {WHI.1c} Analyze the characteristics of Buddhism - Founder Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) -Four Noble Truths -Eightfold Path to Enlightenment. {WHI.1e} IMPACT OF CONFUCIANISM, TAOISM, BUDDHISM {WHI.4f} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of world history. {WHI.1c} Identify contributions of Confucianism in forming the social order in China -Belief that humans are good, not bad -Respect for elders -Code of politeness, still used in Chinese society today -Emphasis on education -Ancestor worship{WHI.1e} CHINA, DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPIRE AND GREAT WALL {WHI.4e} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of China.{WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features - migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North. The Great Wall was built by Quinn Shi Huang as a line of defense against invasions, the Silk Roads facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome. Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction -contributions of classical China civil service system, paper, porcelain and silk. {WHI.1e} JAPAN, SHINTO, AND BUDDHIST TRADITIONS AND INFLUENCE OF CHINESE CULTURE {WHI.10c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Japan -Mountainous Japanese archipelago (four main islands), Sea of Japan or East Sea between Japan and Asian mainland, proximity to China and Korea. {WHI.1b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction -influence of Chinese culture (writing, architecture, Buddhism) and Shinto (ethnic religion unique to Japan, importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors, state religion; worshipping the emperor, coexistence with Buddhism). {WHI.1e} Era I Human Origins and Early Civilizations, Prehistory to 1000 BC (continued) ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS CONTINUED LOCATING EGYPT IN TIME AND PLACE {WHI.a} Research one of the pharaohs and write a paper highlighting the key accomplishments and events of his/her reign.SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC PATTERNS, INCLUDING SLAVERY (EGYPT) {WHI.b} History Alive!, Ancient Egypt and the Near East whereby students will take a guided riverboat tour along the Nile. Identify three major periods in ancient Egyptian history. Describe major accomplishments of six pharaohs. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS (EGYPT) {WHI.c} Make a chart illustrating the main gods and goddesses in Egypt and the duties they performed. Make a model of a mummy, accompanied by a report explaining the mummification process and how this fits into their religion. Make a poster illustrating the various craftsmen in ancient Egypt with explanations describing their occupations. JUDAISM {WHI.d} HEBREWS Locate ancient Israel on a map. History Alive!, Ancient Egypt and the Far East, Activity 4.1, "Origins of Judaism," "The History of the Ancient Israelites." Note key events in the history of ancient Israelites during a slide lecture show in order to understand the origins of Judaism. Create a flag that the Israelites may have displayed. The flag should include symbols representing three ways the Israelites overcame challenges. Write a one-sentence caption to explain each symbol. Make a booklet of the Ten Commandments with accompanying drawings and paragraphs explaining how these commandments affect our lives today, or write an essay explaining whether you think the Ten Commandments should be posted in public schools. History Alive!, Activity 5., Ancient Egypt and the Near East, "The Modern Synagogue a Reflection of Jewish Traditions." Complete drawings from information received from placards and written descriptions of elements of a synagogue. DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE AND WRITING (EGYPT){WHI.e} History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient Egypt and the Near East. Create an illustrated journal about daily Egyptian life. Make a poster containing a drawing of the Rosetta Stone, with pretend three languages, a paragraph explaining the Rosetta Stone, its importance in understating Egyptian hieroglyphics and ancient Eastern culture. Era II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions 1000 BC to 500 AD CIVILIZATIONS OF PERSIA, INDIA, AND CHINA PERSIA {WHI.4a} Using the text, complete a graphic organizer that illustrates the different officials who carried out the Kings orders and policies, and describe what jobs each did. Describe Persia, with emphasis on the development of an imperial bureaucracy.INDIA, ARYAN MIGRATIONS, CASTE SYSTEM {WHI.4b} Create a poster with pictures and explanations of the four classes in a caste system, their roles, and the purpose of the caste system. Write an essay either defending the caste system or repudiating it based upon what the student learned about the different varnas.HINDUISM {WGI.4c} History Alive!, Activity .1, Ancient India, Creating a Mandala of Hindu Beliefs. Create a mandala of basic Hindu beliefs after viewing a slide presentation and writing key points about the five main Hindu beliefs and their symbols. BUDDHISM {WHI.4d} History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient India, Discovering the Buddas Path to Enlightenment. Annotate drawings and summarize key events after viewing and learning about the Buddhas life and his basic teachings. Create captions to represent how events contributed to the Buddhas enlightenment. History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient China, The Silk Road. After viewing slides and placards about artifacts, create visuals and record notes about how each artifact reflects a foreign influence. IMPACT OF CONFUCIANISM, TAOISM, BUDDHISM {WHI.4f} History Alive!, Activity .A, Ancient China. Read background information on Confucianism. Write and act out short skits demonstrating the beliefs of Confucianism and the five key relationships that a harmonious society is based upon. Why were Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism important in the formation of Chinese culture? CHINA, DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMPIRE AND GREAT WALL {WHI.4e} History Alive! Activity .A, Ancient China. Read background information on Confucianism. Write and act out short skits demonstrating the beliefs of Confucianism and the five key relationships that a harmonious society is based upon.JAPAN, SHINTO, AND BUDDHIST TRADITIONS AND INFLUENCE OF CHINESE CULTURE {WHI.10c} Complete a graphic organizer comparing/contrasting Shintoism and Buddhism. Write a pretend letter of a Japanese citizen writing to a Chinese relative extolling the many cultural traditions and practices the Japanese have imported and implemented from the Chinese.rd Six WeeksEra II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) GREECE INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.5a} The physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greek civilization. The expansion of Greek civilization, through trade and colonization, led to the spread of Hellenic culture across the Mediterranean and Black seas. How did the mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization?GREEK MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI.5b} Greek mythology was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to the culture, politics, and art in ancient Greece. Many of Western civilizations symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from ancient Greek mythology. How did mythology help the early Greek civilization explain the natural world and the human condition? What impact did Greek mythology have on later civilizations and the contemporary world? SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, DEMOCRACY, ATHENS AND SPARTA {WHI.5c} Classical Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen, although not everyone could participate in decision-making. It became a foundation of modern democracies. Contrasting philosophies of government divided the Greek city-states of Athens (democracy) and Sparta (oligarchy). How did democracy develop in Athens? How did Sparta differ from Athens? PERSIAN AND PELOPONNESIAN WAR {WHI.5d} The Greeks defeated the Persian empire and preserved their political independence. Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece helped cause the Peloponnesian War. Why were wars with Persia important to the development of Greek culture? Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of Greek culture? GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES {WHI.5e} Athenian culture, during the Classic Era, became one of the foundation stones of Western civilization. Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture? DRAMA, POETRY, HISTORY, SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND PHILOSOPHY {WHI.5f} Athenian culture, during the Classic Era, became one of the foundation stones of Western civilization. What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization? CONQUEST OF GREECE BY MACEDONIA AND THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT {WHI.5g} The Macedonian conquest of Greece followed the weakening of Greek defenses during the Peloponnesian Wars. Alexander the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his vast empire. How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic culture? ROME FROM 700 BC TO 500 AD INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.6a} The city of Rome, with its central location on the Italian peninsula, was able to extend its influence over the entire Mediterranean Basin. The Italian peninsula was protected by the sea and an arc of mountains, the Alps. How was geographic location important to economic, social, and political development of ancient Rome? ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI.6b} Roman mythology, like Greek mythology, was based upon a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics, and art. Many of Western civilizations symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from ancient Roman mythology. What was the source of Roman mythology? What impact did Roman mythology have on later civilizations? SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, REPUBLIC {WHI.6c} Although women, most aliens (non-Romans living in the Republic), and slaves were excluded from the governing process, the Roman Republic made major strides in the development of representative democracy, which became a foundation of modern democracy. How did the government of the Roman Republic become more democratic in its decision making? MILITARY DOMINATION OF MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND WESTERN EUROPE {WHI.6d} After the victory over Carthage in the Punic Wars, Rome was able, over the next 100 years, to dominate the Mediterranean basin, leading to the diffusion of Roman culture. Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and then go on to extend its influence across the entire Mediterranean basin and much of Western Europe?Era II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) GREECE INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.5a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the location and place of Greece - Aegean Sea, Greek peninsula, Europe, Asia Minor; Mediterranean Sea; Black Sea, Dardanelles; Athens, Sparta, Troy; and Macedonia {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of Greece. {WHI.1c} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction -economic, social, and political development. {WHI.1e} GREEK MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI.5b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources on Greek mythology. {WHI.1a}SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, DEMOCRACY, ATHENS AND SPARTA {WHI.5c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes Greece.{WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of Athens and Sparta. {WHI.1d} PERSIAN AND PELOPONNESIAN WAR {WHI.5d| Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Persia.{WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in cultural interaction - the importance of the Persian Wars (4-44 BC) and Peloponnesian War (41-404 BC) {WHI.1e} GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES {WHI.5e} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the Golden Age of Pericles. {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Golden Age of Pericles. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction to explain why the leadership of Pericles was important. {WHI.1e} DRAMA, POETRY, HISTORY, SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND PHILOSOPHY {WHI.5f} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization - Drama Aeschylus, Sophocles; Poetry Homer (Iliad and Odyssey); history-Herodotus, Thucydides; Sculpture Phidias; architecture - types of columns included Doric (Parthenon), Ionian, and Corinthian; science -Archimedes, Hippocrates; mathematics- Euclid, Pythagoras; Philosophy- Socrates, Plato, Aristotle {WHI.1a} CONQUEST OF GREECE BY MACEDONIA AND THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT {WHI.5g} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the conquest of Greece by Macedonia and the spread of Helienistic culture by Alexander the Great. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} ROME FROM 700 BC TO 500 AD INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.6a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Rome. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction to explain the importance of the geographic location of Rome. {WHI.1e} ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI.6b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Roman mythology and religion.{WHI.1a} SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, REPUBLIC {WHI.6c} Use artifacts and pictures to analyze the social structure of the Roman Republic, citizenship, and features of democracy. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d}MILITARY DOMINATION OF MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND WESTERN EUROPE {WHI.6d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to explain why Rome was able to conquer Carthage and extend its influence. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e}Era II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) GREECE INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.5a} History Alive!, Activity 1.1, Ancient Greece, Understanding Geographys Effect on Settlement in Ancient Greece. Create a real estate advertisement using words and visuals to encourage people to move to ancient Greece. Include information on geography and opportunities for trade and farming by using notes, text, and other references. GREEK MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI.5b} Write and give a 00 word oral presentation of a dialogue between a Greek god or goddess and an ancient Greek. Complete a crossword puzzle about Greek mythology and religion using information from text and handouts. Write a research report on a Greek belief in life after death, the Oracle at Delphi, Perseus, Hercules, or Theseus who has come to tell the class about your adventures. SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, DEMOCRACY, ATHENS AND SPARTA {WHI.5c} History Alive!, Activity 1.4, Ancient Greece, The Development of Democracy in Ancient Greece. Complete worksheet and create a graphic organizer to sequence democracys development in Greece, giving specific facts about people and dates to accompany each one. Read An Athenian Dream and A Spartan Life from Choosing Your Way Through the Worlds Ancient Past by J. Weston Walsh, Publisher. Write a story or poem comparing/contrasting Athens and Sparta. Assuming the role of either an Athenian or a Spartan, write a 50-word speech to convince people to move to the respective city-state. PERSIAN AND PELOPONNESIAN WAR {WHI.5d} History Alive!, Activity .1, Ancient Greece, Understanding the Persian Wars Through Visual Metaphors. Discuss what key events happened in the Persian Wars, what the results were, and how they affected the development of Ancient Greece. Create visuals about the key events in the Persian Wars. History Alive, activity ., Greek Against Greek for Peloponnesian Wars. Create two different diagrams showing differences between Athens and Sparta in the categories of geography, government, quality of life, treatment of citizens and economy. GOLDEN AGE OF PERICLES {WHI.5e} History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient Greece, Athens During the Golden Age. Take a walking tour of Athens in the 5th century BC, and complete handouts consisting of various tasks. Create an illustrated scrapbook about daily life in Athens. DRAMA, POETRY, HISTORY, SCULPTURE, ARCHITECTURE, SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND PHILOSOPHY {WHI.5f} History Alive!, Activity 4.1, Ancient Greece, Recognizing Ancient Greek Achievements. Create five commemorative stamps with different designs highlighting various Greek achievements accompanied by a description of each one. CONQUEST OF GREECE BY MACEDONIA AND THE SPREAD OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE BY ALEXANDER THE GREAT {WHI.5g} History Alive!, Activity .1, Ancient Greece, Alexander the Great Hero or Villain? Develop act-it-outs about Alexanders military career and his impact on the spread of Greek culture. Record notes from act-it-outs and from information given in lessons, and respond to four key critical-thinking questions in the activity. ROME FROM 700 BC TO 500 AD INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.6a} Color code a map of the Roman Empire indicating growth to ascertain the economic, social and political development of the republic to an empire. ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION {WHI.6b} Write an imaginary dialogue between at least three Roman gods and/or goddesses during one of the Punic Wars. SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SLAVERY, CITIZENSHIP, REPUBLIC {WHI.6c} History Alive! Activity 1., Ancient Rome, and Plebians. Make a timeline to record key events that caused Rome to become a more democratic government. Write a one-sentence summary for each event along with a visual to represent the event.MILITARY DOMINATION OF MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AND WESTERN EUROPE {WHI.6d} History Alive!, Activity 1., Ancient Rome, The Punic Wars Between Rome and Carthage. Create a brief act-it-out to illustrate the effects of the outcome of the Punic Wars on various people. Complete a map of Romes expansion as a result of the Punic Wars. History Alive!, Activity 1.4, Ancient Rome, Debating Whether Military Expansion Helped or Hurt Rome. Prepare for and participate in a panel discussion about Roman expansion and its effects using information given in the activity. Draw the heads and faces of the eight historic figures, and write voice bubbles describing what each historic figure thought about Romes military expansion..4th Six WeeksEra II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) ROME (continued) IMPACT OF MILITARY CONQUESTS ON ARMY, ECONOMY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF ROME, ROLES OF JULIUS AND AUGUSTUS CAESAR IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC AND RISE OF IMPERIAL MONARCHS {WHI.6e} {WHI.6f} The Roman Republic, in the face of changing social and economic conditions, succumbed to civil war and was replaced by an imperial regime, the Roman Empire. Why did the Roman Republic fail to survive challenges by Julius Caesar? How did military conquests alter economic and social life in Rome? How did an imperial monarchy come to rule Rome?ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL IMPACT OF PAX ROMANA {WHI.6g} Augustus Caesar established the Roman Empire by instituting civil service, rule by law, a common coinage, and secure travel and trade throughout the Empire. Following Augustus Caesar, the Roman Empire enjoyed 00 years of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. What was the Pax Romana? What was the impact of the Pax Romana on the Roman Empire? ART, ARCHITECTURE, TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE, MEDICINE, LITERATURE, HISTORY, LANGUAGE, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, LAW {WHI.6j} Conquests and trade spread Roman cultural and technological achievements throughout the Empire. Western civilization was influenced by the cultural achievements of Rome. How did Roman achievements influence Western civilization? CHRISTIANITY {WHI.6h} The followers of Jesus spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, bringing it into conflict with Roman polytheism and eventually changing Western civilization. How did Christianity become established within the Roman Empire? What were the essential beliefs of the early Christian faith? How did Christianity spread? CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.6i} As the Roman Empire declined in the West, the Church in Rome grew in importance, membership, and influence. What was the impact of the early Church in the late Roman Empire? DECLINE AND FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.6k} Over a 00-year period, the western part of the Roman Empire steadily declined because of internal and external problems. Why did the Western Roman Empire decline?Era III Post-Classical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTANTINOPLE {WHI.7a} The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was changed to Constantinople to provide political, economic, and military advantages. Why was Constantinople established as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?JUSTINIAN, CODIFICATION OF ROMAN LAW, EXPANSION OF BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND ECONOMY {WHI.7b} As the first to codify Roman law, Justinian provided the basis for the law codes of Western Europe. Under Justinian, the Byzantine Empire reached its height in culture and prosperity. What was the influence of Justinians codification of Roman law on the Byzantine Empire and later legal codes? What was Justinians influence on the expansion of the Byzantine Empire and its economy? BYZANTINE ART AND ARCHITECTURE, PRESERVATION OF GREEK AND ROMAN TRADITIONS {WHI.7c} Greek Orthodox Christianity and imperial patronage enabled the Byzantine Empire to develop a unique style of art and architecture. Greek and Roman traditions were preserved in the Byzantine Empire. What were the contributions of Byzantine art and architecture? How did Greek and Roman culture survive within the Byzantine Empire? Era II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) ROME (continued) IMPACT OF MILITARY CONQUESTS ON ARMY, ECONOMY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF ROME, ROLES OF JULIUS AND AUGUSTUS CAESAR IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC AND RISE OF IMPERIAL MONARCHS {WHI.6e} {WHI.6f} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the collapse of the Republic.{WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL IMPACT OF PAX ROMANA {WHI.6g} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the economic, social and political impact of Pax Romana. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} ART, ARCHITECTURE, TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE, MEDICINE, LITERATURE, HISTORY, LANGUAGE, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, LAW {WHI.6j} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the contributions of ancient Rome -Art/architecture Pantheon, Coliseum, Forum -Technology Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches -Science Ptolemy -Medicine Emphasis on public health (public baths; public water system; medical schools) -Language Latin, Romance languages -Literature Virgils Aeneid -Religion Roman mythology; adoption of Christianity as the imperial religion -Law The principle of innocent until proven guilty (from the Twelve Tables) {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI.1b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e}CHRISTIANITY {WHI.6h) Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Christianity. {WHI.1b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.6i) Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the impact of the Church of Rome in the late Roman empire.{WHI.1b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} DECLINE AND FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.6k} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the decline of the western part of the Roman Empire.{WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of world history. {WHI.1c} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} Era III Post-Classical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTANTINOPLE {WHI.7a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze why the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was changed to Constantinople. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of Constantinople. {WHI.1c} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} JUSTINIAN, CODIFICATION OF ROMAN LAW, EXPANSION OF BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND ECONOMY {WHI.7b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Byzantine Emperor Justinian.{WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e}BYZANTINE ART AND ARCHITECTURE, PRESERVATION OF GREEK AND ROMAN TRADITIONS {WHI.7c} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Byzantine achievements in art and architecture and Byzantine culture. {WHI.1a} Use artifacts and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the Byzantine Empire. {WHI.1b}Era II Classical Civilizations and Rise of Religious Traditions, 1000 BC to 500 AD (continued) ROME (continued) IMPACT OF MILITARY CONQUESTS ON ARMY, ECONOMY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF ROME {WHI.6e} History Alive!, Activity 1.4, Ancient Rome, Debating Whether Military Expansion Helped or Hurt Rome. Prepare for and participate in a panel discussion about Roman expansion and its effects using information given in the activity. Draw the heads and faces of the eight historic figures, and write voice bubbles describing what each historic figure thought about Romes military expansion. ROLES OF JULIUS AND AUGUSTUS CAESAR IN THE COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC AND RISE OF IMPERIAL MONARCHS {WHI.6f} History Alive!, Activity .1, Ancient Rome, Creating Columns to Evaluate Roman Emperors. Create columns using visuals, and write a statement that commemorates each of the four Roman emperors accomplishments and failures. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL IMPACT OF PAX ROMANA {WHI.6g} History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient Rome, Writing a Travel Guide About Daily Life in Ancient Rome. Create an illustrated travel guide with tips to help time travelers prepare for a trip back to ancient Rome. ART, ARCHITECTURE, TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE, MEDICINE, LITERATURE, HISTORY, LANGUAGE, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS, LAW {WHI.6j} History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient Rome, Comparing Early Christian and Ancient Roman beliefs. Compare early Christian beliefs with early Roman religious beliefs to learn why conflicts arose between the two groups. Examine the visual and written information of the eight stations on the aspects of Roman life. Complete a dialogue by writing Christian responses to Roman requests. History Alive!, Activity 4.1, Ancient Rome, Discovering the Influence of Latin or Modern English. Use Latin terms to locate visuals featuring English words derived from them. History Alive!, Activity 4., Ancient Rome, Recognizing Roman Achievements in the Modern World. Create a spectrum that ranges from greatly affects us to doesnt affect us with explanations to support each one. CHRISTIANITY {WHI.6h} History Alive! Activity .1, Ancient Rome, The Beginning of Christianity. Views slides, and match biblical passages with artwork depicting each event in a written assignment. History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient Rome, Comparing Early Christian and Ancient Roman beliefs. Compare early Christian beliefs with early Roman religious beliefs to learn why conflicts arose between the two groups. Examine the visual and written information of the eight stations on the aspects of Roman life. Complete a dialogue by writing Christian responses to Roman requests. CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.6i} History Alive!, Activity ., Ancient Rome, Comparing Early Christian and Ancient Roman beliefs. Compare early Christian beliefs with early Roman religious beliefs to learn why conflicts arose between the two groups. Examine the visual and written information of the eight stations on the aspects of Roman life. Complete a dialogue by writing Christian responses to Roman requests. History Alive!, Activity 4.1, Ancient Rome, Discovering the Influence of Latin or Modern English. Use Latin terms to locate visuals featuring English words derived from them. History Alive!, Activity 4., Ancient Rome, Recognizing Roman Achievements in the Modern World. Create a spectrum that ranges from greatly affects us to doesnt affect us with explanations to support each one. DECLINE AND FALL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.6k} Make graphic organizers about the fall. Write a one-page report telling whether the U.S. is showing any signs of weakening the same way the Roman Empire did. Cite specific events that happened in Rome, and parallel these events with events in the United States. Era III Post-Classical Civilizations, 500 to 1000 AD ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTANTINOPLE {WHI.7a} Make a chart citing reasons Constantinople became the capitol city in the Eastern Roman Empire. JUSTINIAN, CODIFICATION OF ROMAN LAW, EXPANSION OF BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND ECONOMY {WHI.7b} Complete a graphic organizer about the contributions of Justinian. Pretend that you are a citizen of Constantinople and write a letter to a relative in Alexandria extolling the many virtues, contributions and achievements of Justinian. BYZANTINE ART AND ARCHITECTURE, PRESERVATION OF GREEK AND ROMAN TRADITIONS {WHI.7c} Write a one-page descriptive report on the Hagia Sophia. Cite Byzantine military conquests to restore the glory and power of Rome.5th Six WeeksEra III Post classical civilizations, 500 to 1000 A.D. (continued) BYZANTINE INFLUENCE AND TRADE {WHI.7e} Byzantine civilization influenced Russian and Eastern European civilizations through its religion, culture, and trade. Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe? SPLIT BETWEEN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH {WHI.7d} The cultural and political differences between the eastern and western Roman Empire weakened the unity of the Christian Church and led to its division. What factors produced the division within the Christian Church? ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION FROM ABOUT 600 AD TO 1000 AD ISLAM {WHI.8a} The revelations of Muhammad form the basis of the Islamic religion, a monotheistic faith. Muhammad and his followers spread Islam. Islamic traditions and customs developed over centuries and created a distinct Muslim culture. Where did the Islamic religion originate? Where did it spread? What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam? INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.8b} In the first three centuries after Muhammads death, Muslim rule expanded rapidly, overcoming geographic barriers, and weakened political empires. Political unity and the Arabic language facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual activity. How did geography influence the rapid expansion of territory under Muslim rule? How did political and cultural geography facilitate trade and cultural activity in the early Islamic lands? HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS IN SPREAD AND INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI.8c} Major historical turning points marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization. What were some major historical turning points that marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization? CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI.8d} Early Islamic civilization was characterized by achievements in science and the arts that transformed the Islamic world and contributed to world civilization. How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning? What were some contributions of Islamic civilization? CHRISTIANITY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH {WHI.a} The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance after Roman authority declined. It became the unifying force in Western Europe. During the Middle Ages, the Pope anointed the Holy Roman Emperors, missionaries carried Christianity to the Germanic tribes, and the Church served the social, political, and religious needs of the people. How and why did the Church grow in importance during the Middle Ages?FRANKISH KINGS, AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE, REVIVAL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.c} How did Charlemagne revive the idea of the Roman Empire? INVASIONS, SETTLEMENTS, MIGRATORY GROUPS {WHI.d} How did the invasions by the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings influence the development of Europe?FEUDALISM {WHI.b} The decline of Roman influence in Western Europe left people with little protection against invasion, so they entered into feudal agreements with land-holding lords who promised them protection. How did a feudal society develop in Europe in the Middle Ages? How did the medieval manor function as a social and economic system? Era IV Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD EAST AFRICAN KINGDOMS OF AXUM AND ZIMBABWE, WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS OF GHANA, MALI, SONGHAI {WHI.10d} What were the characteristics of civilizations in sub-Saharan Africa during the medieval period? MAYAN, AZTEC, AND INCAN {WHI.11a} {WHI.11b} What were the characteristics of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations?Era III Post classical civilizations, , 500 to 1000 A.D. (continued) BYZANTINE INFLUENCE AND TRADE {WHI.7e} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the influence of Byzantine culture on Eastern Europe and Russia. {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of Eastern Europe and Russia. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} SPLIT BETWEEN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH {WHI.7d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION FROM 600 AD TO 1000 AD ISLAM {WHI.8a} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about Islam. {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs and spread of Islam. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of the spread of Islam. {WHI.1c} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.8b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the geographic influences on the origin and spread of Islam. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze how political and cultural geography facilitate trade and cultural activity in early Islamic lands.{WHI.1e}HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS IN SPREAD AND INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI.8c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the major turning points in the spread and influence of Islamic civilization. {WHI.1b} Analyze trends in cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI.8d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization. {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past. {WHI.1b} CHRISTIANITY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH {WHI.a} Identify major geographic features important to the study of growth of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages.{WHI.1c} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e}FRANKISH KINGS, AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE, REVIVAL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Age of Charlemagne. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} INVASIONS, SETTLEMENTS, MIGRATORY GROUPS {WHI.d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the invasions of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings.{WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of the invasion of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings. {WHI.1c} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e} FEUDALISM {WHI.b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of feudal society. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d}Era IV Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD EAST AFRICAN KINGDOMS OF AXUM AND ZIMBABWE, WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS OF GHANA, MALI, SONGHAI {WHI.10d} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of African civilizations. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of African civilizations. {WHI.1c} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of Axum, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1c}MAYAN, AZTEC, AND INCAN {WHI.11a} {WHI.11b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations. {WHI.1c} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e].Era III Post classical civilizations, , 500 to 1000 A.D. (continued) BYZANTINE INFLUENCE AND TRADE {WHI.7e} Using a map that includes the Byzantine Empire, Russia and Eastern Europe, create a key to illustrate trade between the Byzantines and Slavs, as well as a one-paragraph explanation of how Byzantine influence made its way to Russia and Eastern Europe. SPLIT BETWEEN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH {WHI.7d} Create a graphic organizer that highlights at least four areas of dispute between the two churches. Write a one-page dialogue between the Pope and the Byzantine emperor expressing the differing views of each.ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION FROM ABOUT 600 AD TO 1000 AD ISLAM {WHI.8a} Create an eight-page booklet about the origin, development, beliefs and spread of Islam. Make a large collage depicting the origin, beliefs and spread of Islam with pictures and explanations. Write a two-page dialogue between a Christian or Jew and a Muslim highlighting key similarities and differences between the faiths.INFLUENCE OF GEOGRAPHY {WHI.8b} Write an essay assessing a deserts influence on Islamic economic, social and political development including the impact of conquest and trade. Draw a map of the Islamic World around 750 AD depicting Arab trade routes, and explain how these trade routes developed and how they, in turn, spread the Islam religion and customs. HISTORICAL TURNING POINTS IN SPREAD AND INFLUENCE OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI.8c} Complete a graphic organizer called a Sequence Chain to identify historical turning points for Islam - its beginning, development, how it spread and changed, and its influence in France in 7 AD, thus enabling Christianity to survive in Western Europe. Create a visual with voice bubbles or captions for each turning point identified in the graphic organizer. CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION {WHI.8d} Make a booklet, complete with visuals and captions, that highlights the achievements of Islamic Arabs in the fields of chemistry, mathematics, literature, astronomy, history, medicine, the arts, as well as religious beliefs. Write a poem or report about the achievements of Islamic Arabs in the fields of chemistry, mathematics, literature, astronomy, history, medicine, the arts, as well as religious beliefs. Research a different field of contributions and achievements. Make a presentation to the class pretending to be an Arab who made this contribution. CHRISTIANITY AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH {WHI.a} Write a report highlighting the key aspects of the period or persons life, including events in that historical period or persons life which led to the spread of Christianity and the Catholic Church throughout Europe during the early Middle Ages. a) Christianization of Ireland b) The rule of the Frank king, King Clovis c) the Frank, Charles the Hammer d) the Frank King, Charlemagne Demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic church throughout Europe. Explain the rise of Frankish kings and the Age of Charlemagne. FRANKISH KINGS, AGE OF CHARLEMAGNE, REVIVAL OF ROMAN EMPIRE {WHI.c} Demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 AD in terms of its impact on Western civilization by sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic church throughout Europe. Explain the rise of Frankish kings and the Age of Charlemagne. INVASIONS, SETTLEMENTS, MIGRATORY GROUPS {WHI.d} Write a poem or song about Alfred the Great telling of his great deeds that united England and improved life in England under his rule. Make a large poster highlighting information about the daily life of Vikings including family life, occupations, religion, and include visual illustrations with accompanying captions. FEUDALISM {WHI.b} Create two columns labeled Lords and Vassals. Write the responsibilities of each in the appropriate column. Write a paragraph explaining why the relationship between lords and vassals developed and whether it was a fair one.Era IV Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD EAST AFRICAN KINGDOMS OF AXUM AND ZIMBABWE, WEST AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS OF GHANA, MALI, SONGHAI {WHI.10d} Write a report or make a booklet using visuals and voice bubbles or captions on one of the following African kingdoms Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali or Songhai, detailing its geographic location, language, religion, government, economy (including items of trade and with whom) and other significant aspects. Write a report on African culture (music, dance, sculpture, jewelry, food, holidays and literature). Identify African influences in our United States society today. Wear clothes or jewelry reflecting African influence, or play African music and perform an African dance. Pretend to be anthropologists and give a presentation reporting on a tour of African or American historical sites. MAYAN, AZTEC, AND INCAN {WHI.11b} Pretend to be anthropologists and give a presentation reporting on a tour of African or American historical sites. Create a map for each Central and South American civilization (Mayan, Aztec and Incan) detailing location, climate, and chief agricultural products. Create collages of each of the three civilizations cultures (Mayan, Aztec and Incan). Include visuals and details of their location, religion, government, economy, language, jobs, and achievements. Make a drawing or build a model of one of the temple or pyramids of the Mayan, Incan or Aztec civilization. Using paper, modeling clay or yarn, create a craft item from the Mayan, Incan or Aztec civilization illustrating the unique patterns and colors of that civilization


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6th Six WeeksEra IV Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD (continued) EASTERN HEMISPHERE Civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere MAJOR TRADE ROUTES {WHI.10a} Where were the major trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 AD? TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND TRANSFERS, ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, CULTURAL INTERACTIONS {WHI.10b} How did trade facilitate the diffusion of goods and ideas among different cultures?LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD NATION-STATES (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, RUSSIA) {WHI.1a} How did European nation-states expand their territories and consolidate their power? CONFLICTS AMONG EURASIAN POWERS (Crusades, Mongol conquests, fall of Constantinople) {WHI.1b} What were key events and effects of the Crusades? What were the effects of the Mongol invasions? What were the effects of the Ottoman invasions of Europe? BLACK DEATH {WHI.1c} How did the Black Death alter economic and social institutions in much of Asia and then in Europe? TRANSFER TO WESTERN EUROPE OF GREEK, ROMAN, AND ARABIC PHILOSOPHY, MEDICINE, AND SCIENCE {WHI.1d} How did European scholars begin to interpret and value ancient learning? RENAISSANCE {WHI.1a} How did the Crusades stimulate trade between Europe and the Muslim Empire? What were the economic foundations of the Renaissance? RISE OF ITALIAN CITY-STATES {WHI.1b} How did northern Italian cities benefit from their geographic location? How did Italian city-states achieve importance and develop politically? What were Machiavellis ideas about power?ARTISTIC, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL CREATIVITY {WHI.1c} How did the arts and literature of the Renaissance differ from those of the Middle Ages? Who were prominent Italian Renaissance artists and writers? How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian Renaissance? COMPARING THE ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE {WHI.1d} How did ideas of the Italian Renaissance change as they became adopted in northern Europe? Who were important artists and writers of the Northern Renaissance?Era IV Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD (continued) EASTERN HEMISPHERE MAJOR TRADE ROUTES {WHI.10a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the major trade route patterns of Eastern Europe from 1000 to 1500 AD. {WHI.1b} Identify major geographic features important to the study of major trade route patterns of Eastern Europe from 1000 to 1500 AD - Silk roads across Asia to the Mediterranean basin - Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean - Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa - Northern European links with the Black Sea - Western European sea and river trade - South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia.{WHI.1c} TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND TRANSFERS, ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, CULTURAL INTERACTIONS {WHI.10b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about how trade facilitated the diffusion of goods and ideas among different cultures. {WHI.1a} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. {WHI.1e}LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD NATION-STATES (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, RUSSIA) {WHI.1a} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about how England, France, Spain, and Russia expanded their territories and consolidated their power. {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the England, France, Spain, and Russia. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of England, France, Spain, and Russia. {WHI.1d} CONFLICTS AMONG EURASIAN POWERS (Crusades, Mongol conquests, fall of Constantinople) {WHI.1b} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the key events of the Crusades.{WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries of the Holy Land during the Crusades, Mongol invasion of Russia, Southwest Asia, and China, and the Ottoman Turks conquest of the Byzantine Empire. {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI.1e} BLACK DEATH {WHI.1c} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Black Deaths impact on economic and social institutions in Asia and Europe. {WHI.1b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI.1e} TRANSFER TO WESTERN EUROPE OF GREEK, ROMAN, AND ARABIC PHILOSOPHY, MEDICINE, AND SCIENCE {WHI.1d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about church scholars during the Middle Ages. {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and interpret the past to 1500 AD {WHI.1b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI.1e} RENAISSANCE {WHI.1a} Identify and compare political boundaries to show how the Crusades stimulated trade. Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI.1e} RISE OF ITALIAN CITY-STATES {WHI.1b} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the rise of Italian city-states and their political development. {WHI.1a} Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze how northern Italian cities benefit from their geographic location. {WHI.1b} Identify and compare political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms from 4000 BC to 1500 AD {WHI.1d} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction from prehistory to 1500 AD {WHI.1e} ARTISTIC, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL CREATIVITY {WHI.1c} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the art, philosophy, and literature of the Renaissance. {WHI.1a} COMPARING THE ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE {WHI.1d} Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about the Northern Renaissance. {WHI.1a} Use artifacts, and pictures to analyze the Northern Renaissance writers (Erasmus, Sir Thomas More).{WHI.1b} Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction to explain how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance changed as they became adopted in northern Europe. {WHI.1e}Era IV Regional Interactions, 1000 to 1500 AD (continued) EASTERN HEMISPHERE MAJOR TRADE ROUTES {WHI.10a} Create posters with maps showing major trade routes in Europe, the Arab world, China and India by 1400. Write a report explaining the trade patterns with specific information on Venician trade with Arabs and Western Europeans, the Hanseatic League, and the Silk Road to China. Chart the diffusion of goods, technology, and ideas. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND TRANSFERS, ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, CULTURAL INTERACTIONS {WHI.10b} Write a poem or song or make a poster or booklet illustrating the key technological advances in the Eastern Hemisphere between 1000 AD and 1500 AD. Include the printing press and innovations in shipbuilding and navigation. Write a 00 word essay entitled Johannes Gutenberg, an Inventor of Revolutionary Magnitude. LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD NATION-STATES (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, RUSSIA) {WHI.1a} Write a report, poem, song, or create an illustrated booklet on a) William the Conqueror b) Henry II of England c) Magna Carta d) Phillip II of France e) Phillip II of France f) Otto I of Germany g) Frederick I of Germany h) Frederick II of Germany i) Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain CONFLICTS AMONG EURASIAN POWERS (Crusades, Mongol conquests, fall of Constantinople) {WHI.1b} Using a large poster, make an illustrated timeline organizing events during the rise of Monarchies in Europe, specifically England, France, Spain, Germany and Russia during the late Middle Ages. Identify the most important events, and develop symbols to make those dates stand out on the timeline by using color symbols to distinguish events of different nations. With the class divided into three separate groups, have Group 1 pretend to be the Popes assistants. Create posters for each of the Crusades (peasants, nobles, kings, and childrens) illustrating what attracted people to the Holy War and to persuade people to join the Crusades. Group will create and perform a skit about the Mongol conquests in China, Central Asia, Russia, and the Middle East containing factual information about Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, the terror tactics of Mongols, the accomplishments of them, and the results of their rule. Group will create posters or booklets using facts and visuals summarizing and illustrating the decline and fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 145 AD BLACK DEATH {WHI.1c} Pretend to be someone who lived in Europe right after the Black Death, and write a letter describing the conditions and reasons that made Europe susceptible to the plague and the beneficial results of the plague in economic and political terms. TRANSFER TO WESTERN EUROPE OF GREEK, ROMAN, AND ARABIC PHILOSOPHY, MEDICINE, AND SCIENCE {WHI.1d} Interpret a flow chart detailing the preservation and spread of Arab and classical learning. RENAISSANCE {WHI.1a} History Alive!, Activity 1., The Renaissance. Create a Venn diagram comparing/contrasting towns in the Middle Ages with towns during the Renaissance. RISE OF ITALIAN CITY-STATES {WHI.1b} History Alive!, Activity 1., The Renaissance. Draw and annotate two staircases to graphically represent the decline of feudalism and the development of The Renaissance. Pretending that you are a member of the famous Medici family in Florence, write a letter to another family member in 151 describing how you feel your family has been unjustly criticized for ruthlessness by detailing a defense of the Medicis specifically referencing Machiavellis The Prince and including the positive accomplishments that are typical of Renaissance achievements. Write an essay explaining how Machiavelli believed rulers of states could best use and maintain their power and explain why you agree or disagree with Machiavelli. ARTISTIC, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL CREATIVITY {WHI.1c) Make a booklet featuring the best of The Renaissance art and literature along with at least four of The Renaissance artists and writers. History Alive!, Activity 1., The Renaissance. Compare/contrast classical, medieval and Renaissance art, and analyze placards of seven art pieces determining which period each is from. COMPARING THE ITALIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE {WHI.1d} Write a report highlighting the contribution to literature and how the contribution exemplifies the spirit of The Renaissance a) Shakespeare b) Erasmus c) Castiglione d) Christine de Pizan e) Miquel de Cervantes f) Francois Rabelai..


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Wednesday, January 20, 2021

Ritalin

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Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant that triggers the brain stem.arousal system and the cerebral cortex. It increases the norepinephrine and the dopamine.at the central nervous system synapses. Ritalin blocks the reuptake of dopamine. It is.similar chemically and pharmacologically to the amphetamines. The generic name for.


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Ritalin is methylphenidate. It is currently used for the treatment of Attention Deficit.Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, narcolepsy, with mild depression in.the elderly and cancer patients, and to increase the action of antidepressant medication in.treatment resistant depression. Recently, Ritalin has been used experimentally with stroke.patients (Wright, 17).A normal dose of methylphenidate is between fifteen and thirty milligrams per.day in divided doses. The drug takes effect in half an hour to one hour; it's effects last.four to six hours with the regular tablets and up to eight hours with the extended release.tablets. On-going research is confirming if the slow release or the original Ritalin is better.at controlling symptoms. Ritalin must be taken on a very precise schedule to receive.maximum benefits. Metabolism occurs in the liver and excretion occurs in the kidneys..Almost ninety-five percent of a dose can be recovered as metabolites in the urine within.ninety hours. Noven Pharmaceuticals is developing a transdermal patch that releases a.therapeutic dose of methylphenidate for up to twenty- four hours. Ritalin is not.recommended for use during pregnancy; it is unknown if it passes through breast milk.(Wright, 17).The benefits of Ritalin are it controls distractibility, increases social skills,.emotional state and behavior, allows the clients to concentrate, organize their thoughts,.increases motor control, and allows them to pay attention. Ritalin has been used since the.150's to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; approximately ninety percent of.people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder use Ritalin to control their.symptoms. It produces a calming effect in people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity.Disorder. Ritalin affects performance so patients need to be advised against driving or.operating machinery (Wright, 17).


Side effects of methylphenidate are decreased appetite while drug is in the.system, therefore leading to weight loss, and mild insomnia can be a possibility if the last.dose is given too close to bedtime. Headaches, abdominal problems, fever, skin rash,.dermatitis, angina, and alopecia are also common problems with the use of this drug..Ritalin has also been known to cause tearfulness, lethargy, depression, facial or other.involuntary twitches, erratic heartbeat, an increase in sudden seizures, and a development.of psychosis (Wright, 17). Adverse reactions are nervousness, agitation, anxiety, and.erythema multiforme from a hypersensitivity reaction. Anorexia, sinus tachycardia, and.Tourettes' syndrome has also been reported. A casual relationship between the use of.Ritalin and blood dyscrasias are currently being researched. Periodic Complete Blood.Counts, differential, and platelet count are now advised during long-term therapy with.Ritalin (Parkinsn's List Drug Database).


Contraindications with Ritalin are a history of emotional instability, substance abuse or alcoholism, seizure disorders, hypertension, anxiety disorders, major depression,.glaucoma, and motor tics. It should not be given to patients with a family history of.Tourette's syndrome. It can be given cautiously to emotionally unstable patients.Methylphenidate interacts with endogenous and exogenous vasopressors, and some.anticonvulsants, especially Phenobarbital, tricyclic antidepressants, antihypertensives,.and diuretics. Ritalin should not be given with other central nervous system stimulants.and caffeine. Careful supervision is required during withdraw from Ritalin because.severe depression may occur (Parkinsn's List Drug Database).


Signs and symptoms of an acute overdose of Methylphenidate are vomiting,.agitation, tremors, hyperreflexia, muscle twitching, hypertension, cardiac arrhymias,.palpitations, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, headache, delirium, hallucinations, confusion,.euphoria, convulsions, mydriasis, and dryness of mucous membranes. Comas have even.been reported in severe cases. The overdose is a result of Central Nervous System over.stimulation. The treatment for an overdose of Ritalin is gastric lavage. The patient needs.to be protected against self-injury and from external stimuli. Intensive care is sometimes.needed to insure adequate circulation and oxygen exchange. Cooling measures also.may need to be taken to treat the hyperpyrexia (Garber, 16).Ritalin is now under new fire; a medical examiner in Michigan has released.findings that may link Ritalin to the death of a boy (Diller, 000). A fourteen-year-old.boy had been taking methylphenidate for his Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.since he was four years old. When he was examined after death, the cause was cardiac.arrest from blocked coronary arteries. This type of heart damage is normally seen in.adults who chronically abuse stimulants (Diller, 000). The autopsy found pathologically.changes that are seen with cocaine and amphetamine addicts. There have been numerous.studies on the effects of Ritalin, but up until recently treatment with Ritalin for more than.five years was unheard of. Doctors are now recommending a lifetime treatment of Ritalin.for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. There have been no studies released yet on.the effect of Ritalin taken more than a decade. Two other cases have since been reported.(Diller,000).


.Doctors are now recommending parents not to give their children "drug.vacations". Research is now showing that the slow growth rate normally associated with.Ritalin is actually caused by a developmental delay associated with Attention Deficit.Hyperactivity Disorder itself. Parents are now encouraged to only stop the medication for.a week or two once a year to see if their child still needs Ritalin. It is also recommended.that children receive the Ritalin on weekends as well. Behavioral specialists say that.people with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder need Ritalin to control.impulsiveness and other symptoms beyond the inability to concentrate (Munden, 1).


Ritalin is currently listed as a Schedule Two controlled substance, in the same.category as cocaine. The Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder are.attempting to get Ritalin classified as a Schedule Three drug. They have already petitioned the DEA. According to the Children and Adults with Attention Deficit.Disorder, the classification change will make it less expensive and more available to.those who need it (News Briefs).


.On the streets Ritalin is called Vitamin R or the smart drug. It is relatively.inexpensive, only costing between one and five dollars per pill. Ritalin is being used.illegally for its stimulant effects, including euphoria, increased attentiveness, appetite.suppression, and wakefulness. Its availability is high around colleges where students use.Ritalin to keep them awake so they can study. Many Ritalin addicts have taken to.injecting the drug. There have been many complications from this practice because of the.insoluble fillers in the tablets. These fillers have been found to block small blood vessels.causing severe damage to the retina of the eye and the lungs. Parental abuse of Ritalin has.been found to cause psychotic episodes in a small percentage (News Briefs).Ritalin is used five times as much in the United States then in the rest of the world.combined (Wright, 17). Over prescribing Ritalin is a fairly common occurrence. One.doctor reported that in one year he wrote over seven hundred prescriptions for Ritalin..(Diller, 000) The National Disease and Therapeutic Index of IMS Health recently.released survey of doctors' use of psychiatric drugs on children from 15 to 1 for.children six years and younger, their use of psychiatric drugs is up five hundred and.eighty percent, for children seven through twelve, it is up one hundred and fifty-one.percent, and for children thirteen through eighteen, Ritalin use is up seventy-four percent..Ritalin is increasingly being prescribed to toddlers for what many would.deem as just plain toddler misbehavior (Diller, 000). Stimulants are not recommended.for children three years and younger. The Federal Drug Administration has not approved.Ritalin for children less than six years of age. A psychologist has recently published a.paper revealing that children who are on Ritalin for an extended amount of time are three.times more likely to use cocaine later in life. (Efficiency of Methylphenidate.Lawsuits are presently being filed against a conspiry of Ritalin, and against.parents who are refusing to give their children Ritalin. A lawsuit has recently been filed.by parents against the American Psychiatric Association and the Novartis Pharmaceutical.Corporation, accusing them of a conspiracy to create a market for Ritalin (British.Medical Journal, 000). A New York couple has been charged with child abuse from a.family court after they took their child off of Ritalin and refused to put him back on it..Another couple is in the process of being investigated for medical neglect for failure to.keep their child on Ritalin as well (Miller, 000)..


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Tuesday, January 19, 2021

Analyse a job position

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Analysis a Job positio.Assessment Event .Due week .Weighting 40.


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1) Perform a job analysis.Section .My two different strategies I would use to collect the necessary data in describing a job and the person suitable for that job ar.1. Interview current staff.. Dairies and log books.For each of these strategies I have devised a questioner consisting of 5 question for each strategy they are as follow.1. Interview Question.- How do you open the bar up at the beginning of a shift and what time, also how do you close the bar up and what time do you do this.- What are your general duties throughout your shift.- What objects do you clean and how do you do it, what other things do you clean and when do you do it and how often.- How many breaks do you have on a shift and how long do they go for, also do you get any food vouchers to use within the place from management.- How many days do you work and how many hours do you work per week, when are your days off and when are you entitled to holidays.. Dairies and log question.- Check what they write in their dairies about opening and closing of the bar and watch if what they write is what they actually do.- Check what they write in their dairies about their general duties throughout the day and watch if they actually do what they write.- Check what they write about cleaning and watch if they actually do what they write.- Check logbooks when staff go on breaks and see if they actually do and how long they are on a break for.- Check rosters when staff are roster on and have holidays and make sure staff actually work their full hours and don't have extra days off. The advantages and disadvantages of the appropriateness of using these strategies ar.Advantages of doing a intervie.- You have one to one contact with employee which allows you to listen to and watch readily.- Creates friendly atmosphere enabling you to get efficient answers.- The employee may be good at explaining and able to give detailed answers.- They may be actually performing the task at hand and are able to explain and demonstrate at the same time.Disadvantages of doing a intervie.-It may be busy and employee not able to give answers.- The employee may give rushed answers.- Employee may be feeling uncomfortable or just having a bad day.- Employee may also exaggerate job tasks.Advantages of using dairies/log book.- Entries may be detailed giving good step by step instructions.- Entries may be well dated and recorded often.- Could be very informative.Disadvantages of using dairies/log book.- Entries may not be well filled in or not al all.- Entries may be brief.- Entries may be hard to read due to messy handwriting.- Dates may be missing.- Prolong non-usage of logbooks or dairies..The critical incidents that may happen during the data collection stage ar.- The employee may not feel comfortable being questioned.- The employee may be feeling stressed.- The employee may just be having a bad day.- The employees may simply not be able to explain themselves efficiently.- The time may be at a busy time at work.- The employee may exaggerate their position.- The employee could talk to fast and explain to fast.- Too many people giving mixed information.- Employee may be spiteful and give wrong descriptions.- The employee actually may not know what they are doing enough to talk about it. Section .The behavior and attitudes identified and needed for a bar attendant ar.- Exceptional customer service.- Able to handle customer complaints.- Friendly/cheerful.- Approachable.- Not get defensive when dealing with complaints.- Quick thinker.- Problem solver.- Find solutions easily.The jobs preformed daily ar.- Open/close bar.- Prepare garnishes.- Serve customers.- Use cashier.- Handle money.- Prepare and serve drinks.- General cleaning such as moping floors, empty bins, using dishwasher, polishing glasses, wiping benches.- Stock take.- Stocking fridges.- Suggestive selling.- Fill ice bucket.- Change kegs in cellar.Jobs preformed regularly ar.- Serving customers.- Preparing and serving drinks.- General cleaning (as above).- Using dishwasher.- Using cashier..Jobs preformed periodicall.- General cleaning (as above).- Stocktake.- Stocking fridges.- Display of new products.- Designing new drink menu.- Creating new garnishes.- Inventing new cocktails.The skills that are necessary to perform these job tasks ar.- Responsible Service of alcohol certificates.- Need to be 18 years or older.- Excellent communication skills.- Excellent verbal and non-verbal communication skills.- Able to handle and deal with money.- Able to deal with customer complaints.The special personal requirements that are evident from this analysis of the critical incidents ar.- Must be 18 years or older.- Hold a registered responsible service of alcohol certificate.The special conditions that the job is preformed under ar.- Rotating roster.- How many working hours per week.- Split shifts.- May be excessive noise in workplace.- May be working in a smoking are. . Prepare a job description.Title Food and beverage attendant (bar) Grade.Outlet All Tafehaven bar.Department Food and Beverag.Reports to Head Bar attendan.Summary Statement.To provide courteous efficient service to all customers at all times.Specific Responsibilities.When you are rostered on to an opening shift you are responsible fo.Check bar stock levels and report any anomalies to the food and beverage manage.Prepare mise en place prior to service.Ensure the tables, chairs and barstools are clean and neatly arranged.When you are rostered onto a closing shift you are responsible fo.Completing the daily requisition for beverage requirement.Completing the daily requisition for food requirements e.g. oranges, lemons.Ensuring that all dirty bad linen is sent to the laundry.Ensuring that all charge dockets are lodged at the front desk.Ensuring that all work areas, chairs and tables are properly cleaned and that all necessary cupboards and fridge's and locked.Ensuring that beer lines and changed over to water and instantaneous coolers are turned off. Report any fault equipment to the head bar attendant. 4. Job Description continued.You will be working at all times with one other person behind the bar. In addition to this there will be a bar useful that you may have to give jobs to or ask them to run errands for you. There will also be a supervisor with you on every shift that you have to report to.You will be required to work on a 8 hour rotating roster.Your status of this job is a full time casual.The physical conditions of the job will be constant reaching, bending to pick up things and standing for long periods at a time.Equipment used is beer tap, bottle opener, till, beer lines and keg taps, post mix, mop and bucket, glass washer, telephone.Please sign if you have read and understand the above information.Signatur.Please print name clearl.Dat.


This document was last updated on //0.. Prepare a person Specification.Your job title is Food and Beverage attendant (bar).Your rate of pay will be at award Grade .You are expected to work on a 8 hour rotating roster.Please read the above information in your job description for a summary on your job.Be able to serve customers efficiently and work behind the bar appropriately.Have a good knowledge of the bar.And able to work in a team, serve customers and follow the duties specified in the job description.The special physical requirement is standing on your feet for long periods of time, constant reaching and some bending and lifting.Must have a certificate in Hospitality bar and supervision and at least one year experience, and must be 18 years or older.You need to be willing to help and work in a team and serve customers at all times. You also need to be approachable by customers and friendly..


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Birth order

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The effects of birth order and how it affects personal characteristics and personal success is one of the oldest theories in psychology. One author states, your relationship with you parents appears permanently determined by your birth order (How Your Position Effects Life 1). Author Dr. Robert B Simmonds asks, if brothers an.sisters are raised by the same parents, how do they end up so different (1)? What affects a child's success in life? Is it the parental upbringing of a child or is the order of their birth the determining factor.


Scientists have come to the conclusion that a child's personality is greatly influenced by birth order. Typically, the first-born child as well as an only child receives the most attention and praise. They also receive the most discipline and tend to grow up the fastest. A first-born and only child's tendency to be uptight can be blamed on the brand-new parents who are typically overprotective, anxious, tentative, strict and demanding (Craig ). These new parents may always be pushing for more and looking for a better performance from their child (). "New parents' ambitions for their children often get channeled most into the first born…this may explain why first borns are thought to be over-represented amongst ambitious achievers" ("How Your Position Effects Life" 1). Lisa Craig states first-borns thrive on being in control, on time and organized" (). They have "a high level of confidence and expect to be taken seriously by those around them. They get more attention and notoriety than anyone else. They get huge amounts of encouragement to achieve (). Dr. Frank J. Sulloway, a visiting scholar at the Massachusetts of Technology, states that tough mindedness is a first-born characteristic. First borns often "engage in aggressive behavior in order to get what they want" (85). In her studies of birth order, Helen Koch found that teachers often rated first-borns higher on anger, quarrelsomeness, cruelty, blaming others, faultfinding, and insistence on rights (Koch, qtd. in Solloway 85). "As first borns grow up, these precocious abilities remain; they are the ones who go on to succeed in the world" ("The Influence of Birth Order" ). Walter Toman mentions how the oldest child will naturally learn to be a leader even though their mother's warn them to stop bossing around their younger brothers and sisters. First-borns look for relationships in which they can be the dominant force (45).


Although "first-borns are reported to be more responsible and achievement orientated than laterborns, laterborns are more socially successful than their older siblings" (Steelman, Lala Carr, and Brian Powell, qtd. in Sulloway 55). Placing a great value on loyalty, middle children often turn to their friends to gain the attention they missed as a child. Middle children also hide their emotions and thoughts better than others do as a result of this lack of parental attention ("The Influence of Birth Order ). Alred Adler, an early follower of Freud's, states "…individuals from this birth rank are more cooperative than firstborns. Second-borns try harder than their older siblings, because they are always playing catch-up" (Alfred Adler, qtd. in Sulloway, 55). Middle children are constantly thriving to carve out their own identity ("The Influence of Birth Order" 4). Because parents tend to side with the youngest child in disputes, and the oldest child is the "pioneer- first to enter school, first to reach the problems of being a teenager…" the middle child usually ends up feeling neglected by the family ("How Your Position Effects Life ). Having to grow up with both older and younger siblings, middle borns usually become good negotiators. They are very talented when it comes to dealing with authority figures and with those holding inferior positions (). They become skilled in negotiation and compromise "because they couldn't have Mom and Dad all to themselves and get their way…"(Craig 6)


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Once the last child has entered the family, the parenting has become less rigid and much more relaxed ("How Position in Family Effects Life" ). The parents may bring up their last child with a more "hands-off approach" (Simmonds ). This "approach may be the cause of a last-borns difficulty with self control ("How Your Position Effects Your Life" ). The last born always feels a need to compete for attention against the first-born, suffering the most from the divided attention of the parents (). Clowning around, teasing, and showing off are some ways in which last borns gain the attention they so desperately crave (Craig 7). Being cuddled, babied, and spoiled throughout their childhood make these children very people orientated, loving and open (Simmonds ). However, last borns also grow up more lazy and spoiled (Sulloway 55), with "tendencies to want things immediately" ("The Influence of Birth Order" 5). They go ahead and do things without thinking of the consequences. When things go wrong, they have difficulty accepting responsibility and often blame others (Craig 7-8). Walter Toman states that the last child will learn how to follow and will choose friends and situations in which they can be dependent (45).According to author Louis H. Stewart, sibling position plays a critical role in the selection of U.S. presidents and British Prime Ministers. It has been noted that in a majority of elections, once the party primaries are over and two or three candidates are known, the family positioning of each of the candidates are quite similar (7). Albert Somit, Alan Arwine, and Steven A. Peterson have also found that since 1860 first-borns have won 7 out of the 10 races in which they were pitted against those who come later in the sibling sequence (). It has also been noted that first-borns are re-elected more often than non first-borns Since 17, first-borns who sought re-election were triumphant on 8 of 11 occasions; later-borns seeking a second term won 11 of 18 races (). The authors' data also reveal a high incidence of first borns between the periods of 178-1856 and 10-1. These findings however, can be easily explained. Historically, it was the oldest son who usually received an education. It was this de facto educational requirement and the small amount of educationally qualified individuals that accounts for the frequency of first-born presidents (8). Somit, Arwine, and Peterson have therefore come to the conclusion that the relationship between birth order and the presidency is non-existent …there are no statistically significant relationships between birth order and political behavior ().


David P. Campbell, a professor at the University of Minnesota, gathered data that illustrated a high percentage of first-born men and women in a wide range of occupations. For some reason, according to Campbell, "first-borns do better occupationally in our society" (640). Campbell's data indicate that "among the top occupations, which are generally college educated, the percentage of firstborn in the occupation is over twice that of the lower-status occupations" (640). Two charts revealed that 4% of male-astronauts were first born, and 56% of army officers, generals and admirals were first born (640). As for firstborn women, 58% were chemists, 57% were registered nurses, and 5% were navy officers (64). There are two factors, according to Campbell, that may cause theses outcomes. This first one, although he has no data to support this speculation, is that the firstborn receives more money from the family for his education, making college more accessible. In Daniel Goleman's article, "Historian Links Birth Order to Innovation" in The New York Times, May 8, 10, Dr. Judith Blake, a sociologist at the University of California at Los Angeles, agrees with this factor. Dr. Blake feels that it is "…how large a family one comes from" that determines one's success in life (Blake, qtd. in Goleman ). In Goleman's article, "Spacing of Siblings Strongly Linked to Success in Life" in The New York Times, May 8, 185, Blake discusses that an "only child is likely to get three years more of schooling than a child from a family of six, and thus was likely to find greater success in later life…this was only partly due to financial factors" (Blake, qtd. in Goleman 1). The second factor may be the fact that the oldest child is introduced more often into the parent's occupational world "C'mon down to the lab with me you can fool around with the microscope while I clean up some paper work" (641). These toAll data point to the same conclusio..


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Monday, January 18, 2021

Spreadsheets impact on society

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Spreadsheets have impacted society a lot.A spreadsheet is a piece of application software that is specifically designed to handle numbers, calculations and graphs and charts. Spreadsheets have been around for nearly as long as personal computers and they have always been popular pieces of software for business people, scientists, engineers, teachers and anyone who uses numbers.They are used in nearly every work place, due to their quicker and easier ways of plotting data, in a particular way. Some uses of spreadsheets are useful for plotting data, to produce line graphs, pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms e.t.c.Spreadsheets give us the ability to neatly and conveniently view our data. Which can help make the task of scheduling much less confusing and time consuming.


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Among the functions that make Excel so useful for scheduling are cutting, copying, inserting, pasting, formatting, colouring text, sorting, and filtering of records. Become comfortable with these functions, and you'll become adept at manipulating work orders on the sheet. For printing and posting of schedules, it's also helpful to learn how to set print area, and set-up page layouts for printing. There are many other features to Excel and programs like it, such as integration with other software tools for the office, the ability to e-mail files, compatibility with databases, and so on.Spreadsheets have impacted society a lot.A spreadsheet is a piece of application software that is specifically designed to handle numbers, calculations and graphs and charts. Spreadsheets have been around for nearly as long as personal computers and they have always been popular pieces of software for business people, scientists, engineers, teachers and anyone who uses numbers.They are used in nearly every work place, due to their quicker and easier ways of plotting data, in a particular way. Some uses of spreadsheets are useful for plotting data, to produce line graphs, pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms e.t.c.Spreadsheets give us the ability to neatly and conveniently view our data. Which can help make the task of scheduling much less confusing and time consuming.Among the functions that make Excel so useful for scheduling are cutting, copying, inserting, pasting, formatting, colouring text, sorting, and filtering of records. Become comfortable with these functions, and you'll become adept at manipulating work orders on the sheet. For printing and posting of schedules, it's also helpful to learn how to set print area, and set-up page layouts for printing. There are many other features to Excel and programs like it, such as integration with other software tools for the office, the ability to e-mail files, compatibility with databases, and so on.Spreadsheets have impacted society a lot.A spreadsheet is a piece of application software that is specifically designed to handle numbers, calculations and graphs and charts. Spreadsheets have been around for nearly as long as personal computers and they have always been popular pieces of software for business people, scientists, engineers, teachers and anyone who uses numbers.They are used in nearly every work place, due to their quicker and easier ways of plotting data, in a particular way. Some uses of spreadsheets are useful for plotting data, to produce line graphs, pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms e.t.c.Spreadsheets give us the ability to neatly and conveniently view our data. Which can help make the task of scheduling much less confusing and time consuming.Among the functions that make Excel so useful for scheduling are cutting, copying, inserting, pasting, formatting, colouring text, sorting, and filtering of records. Become comfortable with these functions, and you'll become adept at manipulating work orders on the sheet. For printing and posting of schedules, it's also helpful to learn how to set print area, and set-up page layouts for printing. There are many other features to Excel and programs like it, such as integration with other software tools for the office, the ability to e-mail files, compatibility with databases, and so on.Spreadsheets have impacted society a lot.A spreadsheet is a piece of application software that is specifically designed to handle numbers, calculations and graphs and charts. Spreadsheets have been around for nearly as long as personal computers and they have always been popular pieces of software for business people, scientists, engineers, teachers and anyone who uses numbers.They are used in nearly every work place, due to their quicker and easier ways of plotting data, in a particular way. Some uses of spreadsheets are useful for plotting data, to produce line graphs, pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms e.t.c.Spreadsheets give us the ability to neatly and conveniently view our data. Which can help make the task of scheduling much less confusing and time consuming.Among the functions that make Excel so useful for scheduling are cutting, copying, inserting, pasting, formatting, colouring text, sorting, and filtering of records. Become comfortable with these functions, and you'll become adept at manipulating work orders on the sheet. For printing and posting of schedules, it's also helpful to learn how to set print area, and set-up page layouts for printing. There are many other features to Excel and programs like it, such as integration with other software tools for the office, the ability to e-mail files, compatibility with databases, and so on.Spreadsheets have impacted society a lot.A spreadsheet is a piece of application software that is specifically designed to handle numbers, calculations and graphs and charts. Spreadsheets have been around for nearly as long as personal computers and they have always been popular pieces of software for business people, scientists, engineers, teachers and anyone who uses numbers.They are used in nearly every work place, due to their quicker and easier ways of plotting data, in a particular way. Some uses of spreadsheets are useful for plotting data, to produce line graphs, pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms e.t.c.Spreadsheets give us the ability to neatly and conveniently view our data. Which can help make the task of scheduling much less confusing and time consuming.Among the functions that make Excel so useful for scheduling are cutting, copying, inserting, pasting, formatting, colouring text, sorting, and filtering of records. Become comfortable with these functions, and you'll become adept at manipulating work orders on the sheet. For printing and posting of schedules, it's also helpful to learn how to set print area, and set-up page layouts for printing. There are many other features to Excel and programs like it, such as integration with other software tools for the office, the ability to e-mail files, compatibility with databases, and so on.Spreadsheets have impacted society a lot.A spreadsheet is a piece of application software that is specifically designed to handle numbers, calculations and graphs and charts. Spreadsheets have been around for nearly as long as personal computers and they have always been popular pieces of software for business people, scientists, engineers, teachers and anyone who uses numbers.They are used in nearly every work place, due to their quicker and easier ways of plotting data, in a particular way. Some uses of spreadsheets are useful for plotting data, to produce line graphs, pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms e.t.c.Spreadsheets give us the ability to neatly and conveniently view our data. Which can help make the task of scheduling much less confusing and time consuming.Among the functions that make Excel so useful for scheduling are cutting, copying, inserting, pasting, formatting, colouring text, sorting, and filtering of records. Become comfortable with these functions, and you'll become adept at manipulating work orders on the sheet. For printing and posting of schedules, it's also helpful to learn how to set print area, and set-up page layouts for printing. There are many other features to Excel and programs like it, such as integration with other software tools for the office, the ability to e-mail files, compatibility with databases, and so on.Spreadsheets have impacted society a lot.A spreadsheet is a piece of application software that is specifically designed to handle numbers, calculations and graphs and charts. Spreadsheets have been around for nearly as long as personal computers and they have always been popular pieces of software for business people, scientists, engineers, teachers and anyone who uses numbers.They are used in nearly every work place, due to their quicker and easier ways of plotting data, in a particular way. Some uses of spreadsheets are useful for plotting data, to produce line graphs, pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms e.t.c.Spreadsheets give us the ability to neatly and conveniently view our data. Which can help make the task of scheduling much less confusing and time consuming.Among the functions that make Excel so useful for scheduling are cutting, copying, inserting, pasting, formatting, colouring text, sorting, and filtering of records. Become comfortable with these functions, and you'll become adept at manipulating work orders on the sheet. For printing and posting of schedules, it's also helpful to learn how to set print area, and set-up page layouts for printing. There are many other features to Excel and programs like it, such as integration with other software tools for the office, the ability to e-mail files, compatibility with databases, and so on..


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Scarlett letter themes

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In the movie "The Scarlet Letter," there are many different themes and messages the book and movie try to give and send out to the audience. The whole story is based on many different morals and rules of sociOne of the messages that the movie gives out to the viewers is sin has many consequences. This also led Hester, who sinned, to sense sin in other people in the town. Hester's sinning leads Hester feeling sympathetic to other people in the town who have also sinned just as she has. People take in or leave out the sins of hester or any of the towns. There are so many little messages given in the movie but they go unnoticed. To me, "The Scarlet Letter" is all about symbolism. This book is mainly all about sin and guilt and the consequences of these in the days of the Puritans. There are many messages and themes in the movie "The Scarlet Letter.One of the messages that the movie gives out to the viewers is sin has many consequences. This also led Hester, who sinned, to sense sin in other people in the town. Hester's sinning leads Hester feeling sympathetic to other people in the town who have also sinned just as she has." This also led Hester, who sinned, to sense sin in other people in the town. Dimmsdales and chillings worth namesare also symbolic. Dimm and chill are the obviouse names for symbols. Pearl is known as the devil child and the crazy lasy keeps enforcing that and making sure the town knows it. The puritan are starting to not respect pearl becasue she is a crazy adwild child..


Please note that this sample paper on scarlett letter themes is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on scarlett letter themes, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on scarlett letter themes will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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