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The Pilgrims came on December 6, 160. Originally headed for Virginia, the Pilgrims were set off-course by storms and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They came looking for a new life that would give them freedom of religion and started the New England colonies. The Middle Colonies grew between the 1600s and 1700s when thousands more people from Europe came to find a new way of life. The first settlers to set foot in America were the settlers of Jamestown, Virginia. The people of Jamestown came looking for profit. This area became part of the Southern Colonies. By 1750, the Southern Colonies had the most land settled.NEW ENGLAN.With the bulk of the early settlers living in villages and towns around the harbors, many New Englanders carried on some kind of trade or business. Common pastureland and woodlots served the needs of townspeople, who worked small farms nearby. Compactness made possible the village school, the village church and the village or town hall, where citizens met to discuss matters of common interest..Good stands of timber encouraged shipbuilding. Excellent harbors promoted trade, and the sea became a source of great wealth. In Massachusetts, the cod industry alone quickly furnished a basis for prosperity. The Massachusetts Bay Colony continued to expand its commerce. From the middle of the 17th century onward it grew prosperous, and Boston became one of Americas greatest ports..
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Oak timber for ships hulls, tall pines for spars and masts, and pitch for the seams of ships came from the Northeastern forests. Building their own vessels and sailing them to ports all over the world, the shipmasters of Massachusetts Bay laid the foundation for a trade that was to grow steadily in importance. By the end of the colonial period, one-third of all vessels under the British flag were built in New England. Fish, ships stores and woodenware swelled the exports..New England shippers soon discovered, too, that rum and slaves were profitable commodities. One of the most enterprising -- if unsavory -- trading practices of the time was the so-called triangular trade. Merchants and shippers would purchase slaves off the coast of Africa for New England rum, then sell the slaves in the West Indies where they would buy molasses to bring home for sale to the local rum producers..THE MIDDLE COLONIES.The people in the Middle Colonies came from many different countries and society in the middle colonies was far more varied, and tolerant than in New England. In many ways, Pennsylvania and Delaware owed their initial success to William Penn. Under his guidance, Pennsylvania functioned smoothly and grew rapidly. Though the Quakers dominated in Philadelphia, elsewhere in Pennsylvania others were well represented. Germans became the colonys most skillful farmers. Important, too, were cottage industries such as weaving, shoemaking, cabinetmaking and other crafts..Pennsylvania was also the principal gateway into the New World for the Scots-Irish, who moved into the colony in the early 18th century. They hated the English and were suspicious of all government. The Scots-Irish tended to settle in the backcountry, where they cleared land and lived by hunting and subsistence farming.. By 1646 the population along the Hudson River included Dutch, French, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, English, Scots, Irish, Germans, Poles, Bohemians, Portuguese and Italians. New York best illustrated the multilingual nature of America. The Dutch continued to exercise an important social and economic influence on the New York region long after the fall of New Netherland and their integration into the British colonial system..THE SOUTHERN COLONIES.In contrast to New England and the middle colonies were the predominantly rural southern settlements Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, and Georgia. The desire to get rich was the driving force behind colonization of the Southern Colonies rather that the desire fro religious freedom. The climate in the southern colonies was warmer than the climate in the middle colonies, so people grew large crops of tobacco, corn and wheat. By the late 17th century, Virginia and Marylands economic and social structure rested on the great planters and the farmers. The planters of the tidewater region, supported by slave labor, held most of the political power and the best land. They built great houses, adopted an aristocratic way of life and kept in touch as best they could with the world of culture overseas. Not bound to a single crop, as was Virginia, North and South Carolina also produced and exported rice and indigo, a blue dye obtained from native plants, which was used in coloring fabric..SOCIETY, SCHOOLS AND CULTURE.A significant factor deterring the emergence of a powerful aristocratic or gentry class in the colonies was the fact that anyone in an established colony could choose to find a new home on the frontier. Thus, time after time, dominant tidewater figures were obliged, by the threat of a mass exodus to the frontier, to liberalize political policies, land-grant requirements and religious practices..Of equal significance were the foundations of American education and culture established during the colonial period. Harvard College was founded in 166, the College of William and Mary was established in Virginia in 16, and in 1701Yale College, was chartered. But even more noteworthy was the growth of a school system maintained by governmental authority. In 1647 the Massachusetts Bay Colony required that every town having more than 50 families to establish a grammar school (a Latin school). The Puritan emphasis on reading directly from the Scriptures, however, underscored the importance of literacy. (Faragher, pp. 61, 14.In contrast, the wealthy planters and merchants of the Southern Colonies, imported private tutors from Ireland or Scotland to teach their children. Others sent their children to school in England. Having these other opportunities, the upper classes in the Tidewater were not interested in supporting public education. In addition, the diffusion of farms and plantations made the formation of community schools difficult.. Faragher, John Mack, et al. Out of Many. rd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.Prentice Hall. 000.
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