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Copper is a very versatile metal and is used for a variety of applications, such as power, communications and water supply. Copper has a remarkable combination of properties including.
~ good electrical and thermal conducto.~ corrosion resistan.~ easily joine.
Cheap College Papers on Extracting Copper from Copper Ore
~ ductil.~ malleable.~ recyclable and easy to allo.Copper is derived from the Earth's Lithosphere and is easily recyclable because it doesn't lose any properties in the melting process, 40% of today's copper needs are recycled..Native copper is found in nuggets because of its un-reactivity with the atmosphere, but the main process is mining the copper ores which consist of three main substances ~ Chalcopryrite, Bornite and Malachit.The industrial separation process involving copper has main steps mining, extraction and purification, but these can be broken down in more detail, they ar.Exploration The concentrated area of profitable copper or is located by geologists, metallurgists and engineers.Mining Underground mines are used when the copper ore lies deep below earth's surface and open cut mines are used when near surface. The ore is extracted from ground by machines.Milling and Concentrating Copper ore containing copper sulfide is then ground and mixed with water to form slurry. The copper mineral is separated by flotation, the chemicals in the slurry attach to the copper ore and are then floated to the surface in air bubbles then this concentrated copper (aprox. 0% each copper, iron and sulfur). Remaining rock etc. is left in the slurry.Leaching and Electrowinning The concentrated copper ore is then leached, a process where the ore containing copper-oxide minerals are dissolved in acid then pumped into an extraction plant where copper is separated by organic materials. This results in an electrolyte solution, Electrowinning changes this into .% pure copper cathode.Smelting The copper is melted in a series of furnaces where impurities are burned or separated, % pure copper is left after the smelting, the molten copper is then poured into anodes (molds).Electro-refining Copper anodes are immersed in acid and are transferred from positive anodes to negative cathodes. This resulting in a .% pure copper cathode. Fabrication Melted copper cathodes are cast as wire or cakes to be used commercially or industrially..One of the mixtures that are used to separate the copper ore is the slurry, which was used in the flotation process. The main property used in this separation process is density, because the lighter less dense copper mineral to float to the surface. In the smelting process the main property resulting in separation are the melting points of substances. Different melting points allows liquids to be poured off or solids to be filtered out..The copper that is coated in the chemical and floated to the top of the slurry through lack of density is taken off and used to make the final copper product. The other product is the waste left in the slurry, this is used to fill mines but first has to be separated from other liquids etc. In the smelting process, the % pure copper left is used for fabrication and the other impurities are burnt and/or discarded.The remaining water and chemicals from the slurry would probably be separated from the rock and then the rock used for filling mines etc. This would be reasonably good for the environment as the rock that isn't used is put back. But the smelting process is another story, it emits alarming amounts of arsenic and carbon monoxide into the water and air surrounding the mines, the fumes are poisonous. Also copper is more toxic to freshwater fish species than any other heavy metal except mercury. More care needs to be taken in the smelting process and copper should never enter the ecosystems as it can cause major threats.Copper was the first metal to be extracted from its ore, this was a major step in chemistry and led the way for many other metals to be extracted. It is also very easy to alloy so it has been a highly used metal in commercially produced alloys. These separation processes are used on a variety of metals and non-metals because of their simplicity and affectivity. The basic flotation process has been used for centuries when separating substances and smelting which was first used with copper is one of the most widely used commercial separation process. These processes have made distinct advances and may be effective at present but it is probably that they will lead the way for further developments in separation processes and the mining industry..The discovery of obtaining copper from copper ore was a huge step in materials history as it pioneered for extractions of other metals. Copper is very widely used today and is even present in many foods. This process of separation is not excessively complex but requires millions of dollars worth of machinery; this is consistent through most industrial methods. Without this industrial separation process involving the extraction of copper the world would be very different.. Arem, Dr. Joel E,.(11), Discover Rocks and Minerals, published by Publications International Ltd..Arizona Mining Association,(18) Available http//www.azcu.org/minetomarket.Ernie's Pages, (N.D), Available http//members.tripod.com/~sai_lor/mining.ht.Irwin, Debbie,(001) Chemistry Contexts 1, Published by Longma.Neil Summers, (00), Copper Ore Processing, Available http//www.rhosybolbach.freeserve.co.uk/process.ht.School Science, (N.D), Available http//www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/4/biology/copper/copch1pg1x.htm.Project Underground, (N.D.), Available http//www.moles.org/ProjectUnderground/motherlode/freeport/env.htm.
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